在CentOS上配置Python环境可以分为几个步骤,包括安装Python、配置环境变量、安装第三方库(如pip)以及设置集成开发环境(IDE)。以下是详细的步骤:
查询当前Python版本:
python2 --version
python3 --version
下载并安装Python 3.9(以Python 3.9为例):
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz
安装依赖包:
yum -y install wget zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
解压并编译安装:
tar -zxvf Python-3.9.0.tgz
cd Python-3.9.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
创建软链接:
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.9 /usr/bin/pip3
配置系统环境变量:
编辑~/.bash_profile
文件,添加以下内容:
export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3
export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH
使配置生效:
source ~/.bash_profile
验证安装:
python3 --version
安装GCC包:
yum install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel
下载并解压Python 2.7:
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.15/Python-2.7.15.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-2.7.15.tgz
安装Python 2.7:
cd Python-2.7.15
./configure --enable-optimizations
make altinstall
验证安装:
python -V
~/.bash_profile
:vi ~/.bash_profile
添加:export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3
使配置生效:source ~/.bash_profile
使用pip安装第三方库,例如安装requests库:
pip3 install requests
使用PyCharm:
使用Visual Studio Code:
使用Jupyter Notebook:
pip3 install jupyter
jupyter notebook