Compton在Ubuntu中的配置方法

Installing Compton on Ubuntu
To use Compton on Ubuntu, start by installing it via the package manager. Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install compton

This command installs the latest version of Compton available in Ubuntu’s repositories.

Configuration File Setup
Compton’s primary configuration file is located at ~/.config/compton.conf. If this file doesn’t exist, create it using a text editor (e.g., nano):

mkdir -p ~/.config && nano ~/.config/compton.conf

The file uses a key-value format, where each line defines a specific setting (e.g., shadow true to enable window shadows). You can also override the default config file path when launching Compton using the --config parameter (e.g., compton --config /path/to/custom.conf).

Common Configuration Options
Below are essential options to customize Compton’s behavior, explained with example values:

• Shadows: Enable/disable window shadows and adjust their appearance.

  shadow = true          # Enable shadows
  shadow-exclude = ["class_g = 'GtkWindow'"]  # Exclude GTK windows from shadows
  shadow-radius = 10.0   # Blur radius of shadows (higher = softer)
  shadow-color = "#00000080"  # Shadow color (hex format with alpha)
  shadow-offset-x = 2    # Horizontal shadow offset
  shadow-offset-y = 2    # Vertical shadow offset
  

• Transparency: Control window opacity and fading effects.

  opacity = 0.9          # Default window opacity (1.0 = fully opaque, 0.0 = fully transparent)
  opacity-rule = ["class_g = 'Firefox'", "90", "class_g = 'GIMP'", "80"]  # Set opacity for specific apps
  fade = true            # Enable window fading
  fade-delta = 5         # Speed of fading (lower = faster)
  

• Performance: Optimize for smoothness by tweaking rendering settings.

  backend = "glx"        # Use OpenGL (faster) instead of "xrender"
  glx-no-stencil = true  # Disable stencil buffer (improves performance)
  vsync = true           # Enable vertical sync (reduces screen tearing)
  

• Advanced: Fine-tune specific scenarios (e.g., multi-monitor setups).

  disable-xinerama = false  # Enable for multi-monitor support (set to true if issues occur)
  

Save the file after editing to apply your changes.

Applying Configuration Changes
After modifying the config file, restart Compton to load the new settings. Run the following command in the terminal:

killall compton && compton -c ~/.config/compton.conf &

This kills any running Compton processes and starts a new one with your updated config.

Autostarting Compton on Login
To ensure Compton launches automatically when you log in, add it to your startup applications:

1. Open the “Startup Applications” tool (search for it in the Ubuntu Dash).
2. Click “Add” and enter the following details:
   • Name: Compton
   • Command: compton -c ~/.config/compton.conf
   • Comment: Optional (e.g., “Window compositor for better visuals”)
3. Click “Add” to save. Now, Compton will start automatically with your session.

Troubleshooting Tips

• Check Logs: If Compton fails to start, run it with verbose logging to identify issues:

  compton -v -c ~/.config/compton.conf
  

• Reset Config: If changes cause problems, delete or rename the config file (e.g., mv ~/.config/compton.conf ~/.config/compton.conf.bak) and restart Compton to use defaults.