Ubuntu VNC如何连接到其他设备

Connecting Ubuntu VNC to Other Devices: A Step-by-Step Guide
To connect to another device (e.g., a Windows PC, macOS machine, or another Linux system) using VNC from an Ubuntu system, you’ll need to configure the Ubuntu machine as a VNC client (to initiate the connection) and the target device as a VNC server (to accept the connection). Below is a structured guide covering both scenarios:

1. Prepare the Ubuntu System as a VNC Client

The Ubuntu system will use a VNC client to connect to the remote server. Install a client like Remmina (recommended for its flexibility) or TightVNC Viewer:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install remmina tightvncviewer -y

Remmina is a graphical client with support for multiple protocols (VNC, RDP, SSH), while tightvncviewer is a lightweight command-line tool.

2. Configure the Target Device as a VNC Server

The target device (Windows, macOS, or Linux) must run a VNC server to share its desktop. Below are configurations for common platforms:

A. For Ubuntu/Linux Target Devices

If the target is another Ubuntu system, follow these steps to set up a VNC server:

• Install a VNC Server: Use tigervnc-standalone-server (lightweight and secure) or tightvncserver:

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common -y
  

• Set a VNC Password: Run vncpasswd and enter a password (at least 6 characters). This password is used for client authentication.
• Configure the Desktop Environment: Edit the ~/.vnc/xstartup file to specify the desktop environment (e.g., GNOME, XFCE). For GNOME (Ubuntu default):

  nano ~/.vnc/xstartup
  

  Add the following lines (replace with your preferred environment if needed):

  #!/bin/sh
  export GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu
  export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=ubuntu:GNOME
  export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/etc/xdg
  exec /etc/X11/Xsession ubuntu-xsession
  

  Save the file and make it executable:

  chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
  

• Start the VNC Server: Launch the server with a display number (e.g., :1 for port 5901):

  vncserver :1 -geometry 1920x1080 -depth 24
  

  To stop the server later, use:

  vncserver -kill :1
  

• Configure Firewall: Allow VNC traffic (port 5901 for :1) through the firewall:

  sudo ufw allow 5901/tcp
  sudo ufw reload
  

B. For Windows Target Devices

On a Windows PC, install a VNC server like RealVNC or TightVNC:

• Download and install the server software from the official website.
• Set a password during installation (used for client authentication).
• Configure the server to allow remote connections (enable “Allow remote connections to this computer” in settings).
• Note the Windows PC’s local IP address (check via ipconfig in Command Prompt).

C. For macOS Target Devices

macOS has a built-in screen-sharing feature that supports VNC:

• Go to System Settings > General > Sharing and enable Screen Sharing.
• Set a password under “Screen Sharing Password” (used for client authentication).
• Note the Mac’s local IP address (check via System Settings > Network).

3. Connect to the Target Device from Ubuntu

Once the target device is configured as a VNC server, use the Ubuntu client to initiate the connection:

Option 1: Using Remmina (Graphical Client)

1. Open Remmina from the Ubuntu application menu.
2. Click the + icon to create a new connection.
3. In the “Protocol” dropdown, select VNC.
4. Enter the target device’s details:
   • Server: <target_IP>:<display_number> (e.g., 192.168.1.100:1 for a Windows PC or 10.0.0.5:5901 for an Ubuntu server).
   • Username: Your username on the target device (optional, depends on server configuration).
   • Password: The VNC password you set on the target device.
5. Click Save and Connect. Enter the password when prompted.

Option 2: Using TightVNC Viewer (Command-Line Tool)

Run the following command in the Ubuntu terminal, replacing <target_IP> and <display_number>:

vncviewer <target_IP>:<display_number>

For example, to connect to a Windows PC at 192.168.1.100 with display :1, use:

vncviewer 192.168.1.100:1

Enter the VNC password when prompted.

4. Security Best Practices

• Use SSH Tunnels: Encrypt VNC traffic by tunneling it through SSH (recommended for public networks). For example:

  ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 user@target_IP
  

  Then connect to localhost:5901 using your VNC client.
• Limit Access: Configure the target device’s firewall to allow VNC traffic only from specific IP addresses (e.g., your Ubuntu client’s IP).
• Regularly Update Software: Keep VNC servers and clients updated to patch security vulnerabilities.
• Use Strong Passwords: Choose complex passwords for VNC authentication (avoid common words or short passwords).

By following these steps, you can securely connect your Ubuntu system to other devices using VNC, enabling remote access to their desktop environments.