在Python中,多进程编程可以通过multiprocessing
模块实现。为了在进程之间进行通信,multiprocessing
模块提供了几种进程间通信(IPC)机制,包括管道(Pipe)、队列(Queue)、共享内存(Value, Array)和消息传递(Manager)。下面是一些示例:
from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
def sender(conn):
conn.send(['Hello', 'from', 'sender'])
conn.close()
def receiver(conn):
message = conn.recv()
print('Received:', message)
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()
p1 = Process(target=sender, args=(child_conn,))
p2 = Process(target=receiver, args=(parent_conn,))
p1.start()
p2.start()
p1.join()
p2.join()
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
def worker(q):
q.put('Hello from worker')
if __name__ == '__main__':
q = Queue()
p = Process(target=worker, args=(q,))
p.start()
print(q.get())
p.join()
from multiprocessing import Process, Value, Array
import ctypes
def worker(num):
num.value += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
num = Value(ctypes.c_int, 0)
p = Process(target=worker, args=(num,))
p.start()
p.join()
print(num.value)
from multiprocessing import Process, Manager
def worker(d):
d['key'] = 'Hello from worker'
if __name__ == '__main__':
with Manager() as manager:
d = manager.dict()
p = Process(target=worker, args=(d,))
p.start()
print(d['key'])
p.join()
这些示例展示了如何使用不同的IPC机制在多进程Python程序中进行通信。你可以根据你的需求选择合适的通信方式。