Hadoop数据倾斜是指在分布式计算过程中,部分节点处理的数据量远大于其他节点,导致整个计算过程效率降低。以下是一些处理Hadoop数据倾斜的方法:
mapreduce.job.reduces
参数来增加Reduce任务的数量。import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;
public class CustomPartitioner extends Partitioner<Text, Text> {
@Override
public int getPartition(Text key, Text value, int numReduceTasks) {
// 根据key的特征进行分区
int hash = key.hashCode();
return Math.abs(hash) % numReduceTasks;
}
}
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
public class WordCount {
public static class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
word.set(itr.nextToken());
context.write(word, one);
}
}
}
public static class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable val : values) {
sum += val.get();
}
result.set(sum);
context.write(key, result);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "word count");
job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}
}
通过上述方法,可以有效地处理Hadoop数据倾斜问题,提高分布式计算的效率。