c++

如何用C++ WinHttp实现HTTPS请求

小樊
157
2024-08-29 16:53:00
栏目: 编程语言

要使用C++和WinHttp库实现HTTPS请求,请按照以下步骤操作:

  1. 首先,确保已经安装了Windows SDK,因为它包含了WinHttp库。

  2. 在你的C++项目中,包含必要的头文件:

#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
#include <winhttp.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
  1. 编写一个函数来发送HTTPS请求:
void SendHttpsRequest(const std::wstring& url) {
    // 打开WinHttp会话
    HINTERNET hSession = WinHttpOpen(L"MyUserAgent", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0);
    if (!hSession) {
        std::cerr << "Error opening session: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
        return;
    }

    // 连接到服务器
    HINTERNET hConnect = WinHttpConnect(hSession, url.c_str(), INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0);
    if (!hConnect) {
        std::cerr << "Error connecting to server: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
        return;
    }

    // 打开请求
    HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, L"GET", nullptr, nullptr, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER, WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES, WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE);
    if (!hRequest) {
        std::cerr << "Error opening request: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
        return;
    }

    // 发送请求
    BOOL bResults = WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0, WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0);
    if (!bResults) {
        std::cerr << "Error sending request: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
        return;
    }

    // 接收响应
    bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, nullptr);
    if (!bResults) {
        std::cerr << "Error receiving response: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
        WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
        return;
    }

    // 读取响应内容
    DWORD dwSize = 0;
    do {
        DWORD dwDownloaded = 0;
        char* pszOutBuffer;
        do {
            // 分配空间以存储响应数据
            dwSize += 1024;
            pszOutBuffer = new char[dwSize + 1];
            if (!pszOutBuffer) {
                std::cerr << "Out of memory"<< std::endl;
                break;
            }

            // 查询可用数据量
            bResults = WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(hRequest, &dwDownloaded);
            if (!bResults) {
                delete[] pszOutBuffer;
                std::cerr << "Error querying data available: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
                break;
            }

            // 读取数据
            ZeroMemory(pszOutBuffer, dwSize + 1);
            bResults = WinHttpReadData(hRequest, (LPVOID)pszOutBuffer, dwDownloaded, &dwDownloaded);
            if (!bResults) {
                delete[] pszOutBuffer;
                std::cerr << "Error reading data: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl;
                break;
            }

            // 输出数据
            std::cout << pszOutBuffer;

            // 释放内存
            delete[] pszOutBuffer;
        } while (dwDownloaded > 0);
    } while (dwDownloaded > 0);

    // 关闭句柄
    WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
    WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
    WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
}
  1. 在主函数中调用这个函数:
int main() {
    SendHttpsRequest(L"example.com");
    return 0;
}
  1. 编译并运行程序。它将发送一个HTTPS GET请求到指定的URL,并输出响应内容。

注意:这个示例仅用于演示目的。在实际项目中,你可能需要处理更多的错误情况,例如内存分配失败、无效的URL等。此外,你还可以根据需要添加其他功能,例如设置请求头、发送POST请求等。

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