在 Ubuntu 上安装与配置 MySQL 的完整步骤
一 安装前准备
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -ylsb_release -a、uname -m二 使用 APT 安装 MySQL(推荐)
sudo apt install -y mysql-server mysql-clientsudo systemctl status mysql(应显示active (running))sudo systemctl enable mysqlsudo mysql_secure_installationsudo mysql -u root -p三 基本配置与管理
sudo systemctl start mysqlsudo systemctl stop mysqlsudo systemctl restart mysqlsudo systemctl status mysql/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnfmysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 备份文件.sqlmysql -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 < 备份文件.sql/var/log/mysql/error.logsudo ss -tlnp | grep 3306 或 sudo lsof -i:3306四 创建数据库与用户
sudo mysql -u root -pCREATE DATABASE mydatabase CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;CREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '强密码';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydatabase.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;'myuser'@'%' 并限制来源网段,同时调整防火墙放行 3306 端口。五 常见问题与处理
sudo tail -n50 /var/log/mysql/error.log'%' 或指定网段,且密码正确。bind-address(如需远程,通常改为 0.0.0.0 并重启)。sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp(或云安全组放通)。/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf,在 [mysqld] 下临时加入 skip-grant-tables 并重启。ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';skip-grant-tables 并重启恢复正常认证。