Debian 镜像升级内核实操指南
一 前置准备与版本确认
cat /etc/os-releaseuname -rsudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.baksudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list,替换为镜像源(示例为 Debian 11 bullseye):deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
sudo apt update二 方法一 使用 APT 从默认仓库升级(推荐)
apt search linux-imagesudo apt install linux-image-6.1.0-17-amd64sudo update-grubsudo reboot,随后执行 uname -r 查看是否为新内核三 方法二 使用 Backports 获取更新内核
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.listdeb http://deb.debian.org/debian <你的版本>-backports mainsudo apt updatesudo apt -t <你的版本>-backports install linux-image-amd64sudo apt -t <你的版本>-backports install linux-headers-amd64sudo update-grub && sudo rebootuname -r四 方法三 从源码编译安装(进阶,按需)
sudo apt install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev bc cpio kmod rsync debhelperwget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-6.13.3.tar.xztar -xvf linux-6.13.3.tar.xz && cd linux-6.13.3cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config && yes '' | make oldconfigmake menuconfigmake -j$(nproc)sudo make modules_installsudo make installmake -j$(nproc) deb-pkg LOCALVERSION='' KDEB_PKGVERSION=$(make kernelversion)sudo dpkg -i ../linux-image-*.debsudo update-grub && sudo rebootuname -r五 验证与回退建议
uname -rsudo grub-editenv listdpkg -l | grep linux-imagesudo apt purge linux-image-<新版本>-amd64sudo update-grub