CentOS 配置 Python 环境实用指南
一 准备与版本确认
sudo yum update -ypython --version、python3 --versionpython 命令。二 安装方式
sudo yum install -y python3 python3-pippython3 --version、pip3 --versionsudo yum install -y epel-releasesudo yum install -y https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpmsudo yum install -y python39u python39u-develpython3.9 --version、pip3.9 --versionsudo yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools"sudo yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel wgetwget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/Python-3.11.0.tgztar -xzf Python-3.11.0.tgz && cd Python-3.11.0./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.11 --with-sslmake -j $(nproc) && sudo make altinstall/usr/local/python3.11/bin/python3.11 --version--prefix 指定安装前缀,使用 make altinstall 避免覆盖系统 python。如需便捷调用,可创建软链接(见下文)。三 多版本管理与默认版本切换
sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.9 1sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2sudo alternatives --config python3python3 --versioncurl https://pyenv.run | bash~/.bashrc 并 source ~/.bashrc:
export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"eval "$(pyenv init --path)"eval "$(pyenv init -)"eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"pyenv install 3.9.9pyenv global 3.9.9python --version四 虚拟环境与包管理
sudo yum install -y python3-venvpython3 -m venv venvsource venv/bin/activatedeactivatepip install -U pip,随后安装项目依赖。pip freeze > requirements.txtpip install -r requirements.txt五 常见问题与注意事项
python(如 /usr/bin/python)
python3 使用 alternatives,或使用 pyenv 在用户态管理版本。--with-ssl,否则可能影响 pip 访问 HTTPS 源。pip install -U pippip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple//etc/systemd/system/myapp.service:[Unit]
Description=My Python App
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /opt/myapp/app.py
WorkingDirectory=/opt/myapp
User=myuser
Group=mygroup
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable --now myapp.servicesudo systemctl status myapp.service