ubuntu

Ubuntu Kafka消费者配置指南

小樊
40
2025-03-09 07:29:42
栏目: 智能运维

在Ubuntu上配置Kafka消费者涉及多个步骤,包括安装必要的软件、配置Kafka和Zookeeper、创建和订阅主题,以及编写和运行消费者代码。以下是一个详细的指南:

1. 安装Java和Zookeeper

首先,确保你的系统上安装了Java和Zookeeper。

安装Java

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk
java -version

安装Zookeeper

wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
tar xvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
sudo mv zookeeper-3.4.6 /usr/local/zookeeper
sudo cat > /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg << EOF
tickTime=2000
dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper
clientPort=2181
EOF
sudo /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start

2. 安装Kafka

接下来,下载并安装Kafka。

下载Kafka

wget https://downloads.apache.org/kafka/3.5.2/kafka_2.12-3.5.2.tgz
tar -xzvf kafka_2.12-3.5.2.tgz
sudo mv kafka_2.12-3.5.2 /usr/local/kafka
sudo mkdir /tmp/kafka-logs

配置Kafka

编辑Kafka的配置文件server.properties

sudo nano /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties

确保以下配置正确:

listeners=PLAINTEXT://your_server_ip:9092
zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181

启动Kafka

sudo /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties

3. 创建和订阅主题

使用Kafka命令行工具创建一个主题并订阅它。

创建主题

sudo /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test

订阅主题

sudo /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test --from-beginning

4. 编写和运行消费者代码

你可以使用Python编写一个简单的Kafka消费者。

安装Kafka-Python

sudo pip3 install kafka-python

消费者代码示例 (consumer.py)

from kafka import KafkaConsumer

consumer = KafkaConsumer(
    'test',
    bootstrap_servers='localhost:9092',
    auto_offset_reset='earliest',
    enable_auto_commit=False
)

for msg in consumer:
    print(msg.value.decode('utf-8'))

运行消费者

python3 consumer.py

5. 高级配置

消费者属性

6. 开机自启配置

为了确保Kafka和Zookeeper在系统启动时自动启动,可以配置它们的开机自启。

Zookeeper服务配置

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/zookeeper.service

添加内容:

[Unit]
Description=Zookeeper service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Environment="PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/kafka/bin"
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh /usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties
ExecStop=/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-stop.sh
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Kafka服务配置

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/kafka.service

添加内容:

[Unit]
Description=Apache Kafka server (broker)
After=zookeeper.service

[Service]
Type=simple
Environment="PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/kafka/bin"
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties
ExecStop=/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

刷新配置并启动服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable zookeeper
sudo systemctl enable kafka
sudo systemctl start zookeeper
sudo systemctl start kafka

通过以上步骤,你可以在Ubuntu上成功配置Kafka消费者。根据具体需求,你可以进一步调整消费者配置以满足实际应用场景。

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