Ubuntu 下 Apache2 安装与基础配置
一 安装与启动
sudo apt update && sudo apt install apache2 -ysudo systemctl start apache2 与 sudo systemctl enable apache2sudo systemctl status apache2(应看到 active (running))sudo apache2ctl configtest(语法检查,返回 Syntax OK 表示配置无语法错误)sudo snap install apache2 --classic,随后用 sudo snap services apache2 查看服务状态二 防火墙放行
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'(同时开放 80/443)sudo ufw allow 80/tcpsudo ufw status 应显示对应规则为 ALLOW三 访问测试与目录结构
http://服务器IP 或 http://localhost,看到 Apache 欢迎页即表示安装成功/etc/apache2/apache2.conf/etc/apache2/ports.conf/etc/apache2/sites-available/,启用后在 /etc/apache2/sites-enabled//var/log/apache2/error.log 与 /var/log/apache2/access.log四 虚拟主机配置示例
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/yourdomain.com/htmlsudo nano /var/www/yourdomain.com/html/index.html(写入简单 HTML)sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/yourdomain.com.conf<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@yourdomain.com
ServerName yourdomain.com
ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/yourdomain.com/html
<Directory /var/www/yourdomain.com/html>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
sudo a2ensite yourdomain.com.confsudo a2dissite 000-default.conf(禁用默认站点)sudo systemctl reload apache2http://yourdomain.com 应显示示例页面五 启用 HTTPS 与常见问题排查
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apachesudo certbot --apache -d yourdomain.com -d www.yourdomain.comsudo certbot renew --dry-runsudo ss -tulpen | grep ':80\|:443',必要时调整 ports.conf 或释放占用进程sudo apache2ctl configtestsudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.logsudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/yourdomain.com 并合理设置权限)