在CentOS上实现Apache的高可用性架构,通常涉及以下几个关键步骤和技术:
负载均衡是将流量分发到多个服务器上,以提高系统的可用性和性能。常用的负载均衡器包括HAProxy、Nginx和Apache自带的mod_proxy_balancer。
安装HAProxy:
sudo yum install haproxy -y
配置HAProxy:
编辑/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg文件,添加以下内容:
global
log /dev/log local0
log /dev/log local1 notice
daemon
defaults
log global
option tcplog
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
frontend http_front
bind *:80
default_backend http_back
backend http_back
balance roundrobin
server server1 192.168.1.101:80 check
server server2 192.168.1.102:80 check
启动HAProxy:
sudo systemctl start haproxy
sudo systemctl enable haproxy
故障转移是指当一个服务器宕机时,流量自动转移到其他可用服务器。HAProxy和Nginx都支持健康检查。
Keepalived可以用于实现VIP(虚拟IP)和故障转移。
安装Keepalived:
sudo yum install keepalived -y
配置Keepalived:
编辑/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件,添加以下内容:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.100
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.101 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 192.168.1.102 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
connect_port 80
}
}
}
启动Keepalived:
sudo systemctl start keepalived
sudo systemctl enable keepalived
使用集群管理工具如Pacemaker和Corosync可以实现更高级的集群管理和故障恢复。
安装Pacemaker和Corosync:
sudo yum install pacemaker corosync -y
配置Corosync:
编辑/etc/corosync/corosync.conf文件,添加以下内容:
totem {
version: 2
cluster_name: my_cluster
transport: udpu
}
nodelist {
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.101
nodeid: 1
}
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.102
nodeid: 2
}
}
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
}
logging {
to_logfile: yes
logfile: /var/log/corosync/corosync.log
to_syslog: yes
}
启动Corosync和Pacemaker:
sudo systemctl start corosync
sudo systemctl enable corosync
sudo systemctl start pacemaker
sudo systemctl enable pacemaker
配置资源:
使用pcs命令配置资源,例如Apache服务:
sudo pcs resource create apache ocf:heartbeat:httpd \
op start timeout="60s" \
op stop timeout="60s" \
op monitor interval="30s" timeout="60s"
使用监控工具如Prometheus和Grafana来监控集群的健康状况和性能指标。
安装Prometheus:
sudo yum install prometheus -y
配置Prometheus:
编辑/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml文件,添加监控目标:
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'node'
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.1.101:9090', '192.168.1.102:9090']
启动Prometheus:
sudo systemctl start prometheus
sudo systemctl enable prometheus
安装Grafana:
sudo yum install grafana -y
启动Grafana:
sudo systemctl start grafana-server
sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
通过以上步骤,你可以在CentOS上实现一个高可用的Apache架构。根据具体需求,可以选择合适的负载均衡器、故障转移机制和集群管理工具。