centos

CentOS Apache如何实现高可用性架构

小樊
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2025-08-16 16:57:38
栏目: 智能运维

在CentOS上实现Apache的高可用性架构,通常涉及以下几个关键步骤和技术:

1. 负载均衡

负载均衡是将流量分发到多个服务器上,以提高系统的可用性和性能。常用的负载均衡器包括HAProxy、Nginx和Apache自带的mod_proxy_balancer。

使用HAProxy

  1. 安装HAProxy

    sudo yum install haproxy -y
    
  2. 配置HAProxy: 编辑/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg文件,添加以下内容:

    global
        log /dev/log local0
        log /dev/log local1 notice
        daemon
    
    defaults
        log global
        option tcplog
        timeout connect 5000ms
        timeout client 50000ms
        timeout server 50000ms
    
    frontend http_front
        bind *:80
        default_backend http_back
    
    backend http_back
        balance roundrobin
        server server1 192.168.1.101:80 check
        server server2 192.168.1.102:80 check
    
  3. 启动HAProxy

    sudo systemctl start haproxy
    sudo systemctl enable haproxy
    

2. 故障转移

故障转移是指当一个服务器宕机时,流量自动转移到其他可用服务器。HAProxy和Nginx都支持健康检查。

使用Keepalived

Keepalived可以用于实现VIP(虚拟IP)和故障转移。

  1. 安装Keepalived

    sudo yum install keepalived -y
    
  2. 配置Keepalived: 编辑/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件,添加以下内容:

    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1234
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.1.100
        }
    }
    
    virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
        delay_loop 6
        lb_algo rr
        lb_kind DR
        nat_mask 255.255.255.0
        persistence_timeout 50
        protocol TCP
    
        real_server 192.168.1.101 80 {
            weight 1
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 10
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
    
        real_server 192.168.1.102 80 {
            weight 1
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 10
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
    }
    
  3. 启动Keepalived

    sudo systemctl start keepalived
    sudo systemctl enable keepalived
    

3. 集群管理

使用集群管理工具如Pacemaker和Corosync可以实现更高级的集群管理和故障恢复。

安装Pacemaker和Corosync

  1. 安装Pacemaker和Corosync

    sudo yum install pacemaker corosync -y
    
  2. 配置Corosync: 编辑/etc/corosync/corosync.conf文件,添加以下内容:

    totem {
        version: 2
        cluster_name: my_cluster
        transport: udpu
    }
    
    nodelist {
        node {
            ring0_addr: 192.168.1.101
            nodeid: 1
        }
        node {
            ring0_addr: 192.168.1.102
            nodeid: 2
        }
    }
    
    quorum {
        provider: corosync_votequorum
    }
    
    logging {
        to_logfile: yes
        logfile: /var/log/corosync/corosync.log
        to_syslog: yes
    }
    
  3. 启动Corosync和Pacemaker

    sudo systemctl start corosync
    sudo systemctl enable corosync
    sudo systemctl start pacemaker
    sudo systemctl enable pacemaker
    
  4. 配置资源: 使用pcs命令配置资源,例如Apache服务:

    sudo pcs resource create apache ocf:heartbeat:httpd \
        op start timeout="60s" \
        op stop timeout="60s" \
        op monitor interval="30s" timeout="60s"
    

4. 监控和日志

使用监控工具如Prometheus和Grafana来监控集群的健康状况和性能指标。

安装Prometheus和Grafana

  1. 安装Prometheus

    sudo yum install prometheus -y
    
  2. 配置Prometheus: 编辑/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml文件,添加监控目标:

    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'node'
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['192.168.1.101:9090', '192.168.1.102:9090']
    
  3. 启动Prometheus

    sudo systemctl start prometheus
    sudo systemctl enable prometheus
    
  4. 安装Grafana

    sudo yum install grafana -y
    
  5. 启动Grafana

    sudo systemctl start grafana-server
    sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
    

通过以上步骤,你可以在CentOS上实现一个高可用的Apache架构。根据具体需求,可以选择合适的负载均衡器、故障转移机制和集群管理工具。

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