Debian 与 Kubernetes 安装兼容性要点
一 兼容性与版本选择
二 常见兼容性问题与对策
sudo swapoff -a 并注释 /etc/fstab 中的 swap 行,否则 kubelet 可能无法正常调度。sudo update-alternatives --config iptables 选择 iptables-legacy 以规避兼容性问题。net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1、net.ipv4.ip_forward=1;并确保 cgroups 驱动与 kubelet 配置一致(常见为 systemd)。kubectl describe node 与 journalctl -u kubelet,并适当调整 kubelet 的 eviction 与 system-reserved 配置。三 最小化安装与验证步骤
sudo swapoff -a && sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstabsudo modprobe br_netfilter && sudo sysctl -psudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerdsudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml && sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml && sudo systemctl restart containerdcurl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg;echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list;sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl && sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectlsudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16mkdir -p $HOME/.kube && sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config && sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configkubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.ymlkubectl cluster-info、kubectl get nodes 应显示控制面与节点 Ready。四 故障排查清单
journalctl -u kubelet -xe、journalctl -u containerd -xekubectl describe node <node>,关注 Conditions、Capacity/Allocatable、Eventskubectl get pods -A -o wide,跨节点连通性测试(如 ping/curl 集群 Service ClusterIP)kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.36 --restart=Never -- nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.localImagePullBackOff 事件)