Debian 挂载高级用法指南
一 核心命令与常用选项
mount -t <type> -o <options> <source> <target>;查看与验证可用 mount、findmnt、mountpoint。mount -U <uuid> /mnt/disk 或 mount -L <label> /mnt/disk。mount -o remount,ro /mnt/disk 或 mount -o remount,rw /mnt/disk。mount -a 挂载 /etc/fstab 中全部条目。二 网络文件系统 NFS 与 SMB/CIFS
sudo apt install nfs-commonsudo apt install cifs-utilssudo mount -t nfs <server>:/<export> /mnt/nfssudo mount -t cifs //<server>/<share> /mnt/samba -o username=<user>,password=<pass>[,domain=<domain>]sudo mount -t cifs //server/share /mnt/samba -o credentials=/path/to/cred,iocharset=utf8server:/export /mnt/nfs nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0//server/share /mnt/samba cifs credentials=/path/to/cred,iocharset=utf8,uid=<uid>,gid=<gid> 0 0df -h、findmnt。三 加密分区 LUKS 与自动解锁挂载
sudo apt install cryptsetupsudo cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdXnsudo cryptsetup open /dev/sdXn <mapper>(生成 /dev/mapper/sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/<mapper>sudo mount /dev/mapper/<mapper> /mnt/encrypted<mapper> /dev/sdXn none luks/dev/mapper/<mapper> /mnt/encrypted ext4 defaults 0 2sudo umount /mnt/encrypted && sudo cryptsetup luksClose <mapper>四 高级文件系统与场景化用法
sudo mount --bind /src /dst;持久化:在 /etc/fstab 添加 /src /dst none bind 0 0。sudo mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper,workdir=/work /mergedsudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=512M tmpfs /mnt/tmpfstmpfs /mnt/tmpfs tmpfs defaults,size=512M 0 0sudo mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdromsudo mount -o loop /path/to.iso /mnt/isosudo apt install autofs/mnt/nfs -fstype=nfs <server>:/<export>,然后 sudo systemctl restart autofs。五 性能与安全优化与排错
barrier=0(提升性能但降低可靠性,需评估)。findmnt、mountpoint、df -h、cat /proc/mounts。mount -o remount,ro /mnt/point 用于只读应急。sudo mount -a -v 检查语法与依赖,再重启。