Ubuntu inotify如何与其他编程语言结合 - 问答

在Ubuntu系统中，inotify是一个用于监控文件系统事件的Linux内核子系统。你可以使用多种编程语言与inotify结合，以下是一些常见的方法：

1. 使用C语言

C语言是直接与Linux内核交互的最佳选择。你可以使用inotify API来监控文件系统事件。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define EVENT_SIZE  ( sizeof (struct inotify_event) )
#define BUF_LEN     ( 1024 * ( EVENT_SIZE + 16 ) )

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int length, i = 0;
    int fd;
    int wd;
    char buffer[BUF_LEN];

    fd = inotify_init();
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("inotify_init");
    }

    wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);

    length = read(fd, buffer, BUF_LEN);
    if (length < 0) {
        perror("read");
    }

    while (i < length) {
        struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
        if (event->len) {
            if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
                printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
            } else if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
                printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
            } else if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
                printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
            }
        }
        i += EVENT_SIZE + event->len;
    }

    (void) inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
    (void) close(fd);

    exit(0);
}

2. 使用Python

Python有一个非常流行的库pyinotify，可以方便地与inotify结合。

首先，安装pyinotify：

pip install pyinotify

然后，编写Python脚本：

import pyinotify

class EventHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):
    def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
        print(f"File {event.pathname} was created.")

    def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
        print(f"File {event.pathname} was deleted.")

    def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
        print(f"File {event.pathname} was modified.")

watch_manager = pyinotify.WatchManager()
notifier = pyinotify.Notifier(watch_manager, EventHandler())
watch_manager.add_watch('/path/to/directory', pyinotify.IN_CREATE | pyinotify.IN_DELETE | pyinotify.IN_MODIFY, rec=True)

notifier.loop()

3. 使用Node.js

Node.js有一个模块fs.watch，可以监控文件系统事件。

const fs = require('fs');

const path = '/path/to/directory';

fs.watch(path, { recursive: true }, (eventType, filename) => {
    if (filename) {
        console.log(`File ${filename} was ${eventType}`);
    } else {
        console.log('Event type is: ' + eventType);
    }
});

4. 使用Java

Java有一个库java.nio.file.WatchService，可以监控文件系统事件。

import java.nio.file.*;

public class WatchServiceExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        WatchService watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
        Path dir = Paths.get("/path/to/directory");
        dir.register(watcher, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE,
                     StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);

        while (true) {
            WatchKey key;
            try {
                key = watcher.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                return;
            }

            for (WatchEvent<?> event : key.pollEvents()) {
                WatchEvent.Kind<?> kind = event.kind();

                if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW) {
                    continue;
                }

                WatchEvent<Path> ev = (WatchEvent<Path>) event;
                Path filename = ev.context();

                System.out.println(kind.name() + ": " + filename);
            }

            boolean valid = key.reset();
            if (!valid) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

这些示例展示了如何在不同编程语言中使用inotify来监控文件系统事件。你可以根据自己的需求选择合适的语言和方法。

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