配置compton在centos的技巧

Configuration Tips for Compton on CentOS

Compton is a lightweight window compositor that enhances desktop visuals (shadows, transparency, blur) and performance. Below are essential tips for installing, configuring, and optimizing Compton on CentOS systems.

1. Installation on CentOS

Before configuring, install Compton and its dependencies. For CentOS 7/8/9:

• Enable EPEL Repository (for newer versions):

  sudo yum install epel-release -y
  

• Install Dependencies:

  sudo yum install -y xorg-x11-server-Xorg mesa-libGL wget git cmake make libX11-devel libXext-devel libXrender-devel libXi-devel libXrandr-devel libXinerama-devel libXcursor-devel libXcomposite-devel libasound2-plugins
  

• Install Compton:
  • Via Yum (Stable Version):

    sudo yum install -y compton
    

  • From Source (Latest Version):
    Clone the repository, compile, and install:

    git clone https://github.com/compton/compton.git
    cd compton
    mkdir build && cd build
    cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
    make -j$(nproc)
    sudo make install
    

2. Basic Configuration

Compton’s default config file is located at ~/.config/compton.conf (create it if it doesn’t exist). Key settings for general use:

# Backend (glx for OpenGL acceleration, xrender for compatibility)
backend = "glx"

# Disable shadows for better performance (or customize exclusions)
shadow = false

# Set window transparency (1.0 = opaque, 0.8 = 20% transparent)
opacity = 0.8

# Ignore root window transparency (prevents desktop background issues)
ignore_root = true

# Enable vertical sync to reduce screen tearing
vsync = true

# Multi-monitor support (adjust for your setup)
xrandr-args = "--output HDMI-1 --auto --right-of eDP-1 --output DP-1 --auto --right-of HDMI-1"

Save the file and start Compton with:

compton -c ~/.config/compton.conf

3. Performance Optimization

To minimize resource usage (critical for older hardware):

• Disable Unnecessary Effects: Turn off shadows (shadow = false) or transparency (opacity = 1.0) if not needed.
• Use GPU Acceleration: Ensure backend = "glx" (requires OpenGL-compatible drivers) for faster rendering.
• Limit Cache Size: Add cache-size = 1024 (in MB) to reduce memory usage.
• Restrict Framerate: Use fps-limit = 60 to cap rendering at 60 FPS (prevents unnecessary CPU load).
• Exclude Apps from Effects: Skip shadow/transparency for resource-heavy apps like Firefox:

  shadow-exclude = ["class_g = 'Firefox'", "title_g = 'Firefox'"]
  opacity-exclude = ["class_g = 'Firefox'"]
  

4. Advanced Customization

For tailored visuals or specific use cases:

• Background Blur: Enable subtle blur for inactive windows:

  blur-background = true
  blur-kern = "3x3box"  # Faster but less smooth; "5x5gaussian" for better quality
  blur-strength = 5     # Adjust intensity (1-10)
  

• Screen Edge Blur: Add a blurred effect to screen edges (useful for maximizing windows):

  screen_edge_blur = true
  screen_edge_blur_radius = 10
  

• Custom Transparency Rules: Set transparency for specific windows (e.g., terminals):

  opacity-rule = [
    "80:class_g = 'URxvt'",  # 80% transparent for URxvt terminals
    "100:class_g = 'Firefox'" # Opaque for Firefox
  ]
  

• Logging for Debugging: Enable logs to troubleshoot issues (e.g., black screens):

  compton -c ~/.config/compton.conf --log-level debug --log-file /tmp/compton.log
  

5. Autostart Setup

To run Compton automatically on login:

• Create a Systemd Service:

  sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/compton.service
  

  Add the following content (replace ~/.config/compton.conf with your path):

  [Unit]
  Description=Compton Window Compositor
  After=graphical.target
  
  [Service]
  ExecStart=/usr/bin/compton -b -c ~/.config/compton.conf
  Restart=on-failure
  User=%i
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=graphical.target
  

• Enable and Start the Service:

  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  sudo systemctl enable compton.service
  sudo systemctl start compton.service
  

• Verify Status:

  systemctl status compton.service
  

6. Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Black Screens or No Effects:
  • Check if Compton is running (ps -e | grep compton).
  • Verify the config file path (compton -c /path/to/config).
  • Test with a minimal config (e.g., only backend = "glx").
• High CPU Usage:
  • Disable shadows/blur (shadow = false; blur-background = false).
  • Lower the framerate (fps-limit = 30).
• Compatibility Problems:
  • Switch to backend = "xrender" (less performant but more compatible).
  • Update graphics drivers (e.g., NVIDIA/AMD proprietary drivers).

By following these tips, you can effectively configure Compton on CentOS to achieve a balance between visual appeal and system performance. Adjust settings based on your hardware and desktop environment (GNOME, KDE, Xfce, etc.) for optimal results.