如何配置centos的sqlplus - 问答

Prerequisites
Before configuring SQL*Plus on CentOS, ensure your system meets the following requirements:

A clean CentOS system (7 or 8) with root or sudo privileges.
Basic package dependencies installed: sudo yum install -y libaio libaio-devel wget unzip (these are required for Oracle Instant Client to function properly).

Step 1: Download Oracle Instant Client Packages
Oracle Instant Client is the lightweight, standalone package needed to run SQL*Plus. Visit the Oracle Instant Client Downloads page and download the following RPM packages (replace 21.6.0.0.0 with your desired version):

oracle-instantclient-basic-21.6.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm (core client files)
oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-21.6.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm (SQL*Plus utility).

Step 2: Install Oracle Instant Client via Yum
Navigate to the directory where the RPMs were downloaded and install them using yum (this resolves dependencies automatically):

cd /path/to/downloaded/rpms
sudo yum localinstall oracle-instantclient-basic-*.rpm oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-*.rpm

Yum will install the packages to /usr/lib/oracle/<version>/client64 (e.g., /usr/lib/oracle/21/client64).

Step 3: Configure Environment Variables
Edit your user’s .bashrc file (or /etc/profile for system-wide access) to set critical environment variables:

nano ~/.bashrc

Add the following lines (adjust paths if your installation differs):

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/21/client64  # Path to Instant Client
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  # Link to client libraries
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  # Add SQL*Plus to PATH

Save the file and apply changes:

source ~/.bashrc

Verify the variables are set correctly:

echo $ORACLE_HOME  # Should show the client path
echo $PATH  # Should include $ORACLE_HOME/bin
```.  

**Step 4: Verify SQL*Plus Installation**  
Run the following command to confirm SQL*Plus is accessible:  
```bash
sqlplus -v

You should see output like:

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Sep 25 14:30:00 2025
Version 21.6.0.0.0

This confirms SQL*Plus is installed and ready to use.

Optional Step 5: Configure TNSNAMES.ORA for Remote Connections
If you need to connect to a remote Oracle database (instead of using easy connect syntax username/password@host:port/service), create a tnsnames.ora file:

sudo mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin  # Create directory if it doesn’t exist
sudo nano $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

Add an entry for your database (replace placeholders with actual values):

MYDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db.example.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.example.com)
    )
  )

Save the file. Now you can connect using:

sqlplus username/password@MYDB
```.  

**Optional Step 6: Enhance SQL*Plus Experience**  
- **Alias for rlwrap**: Install `rlwrap` to enable command history and line editing in SQL*Plus:  
  ```bash
  sudo yum install -y rlwrap
  echo "alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'" >> ~/.bashrc
  source ~/.bashrc

Customize Output: Download glogin.sql (a SQL*Plus script) to set default formatting:
```
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oracle/Oracle-SQLPlus-Tools/master/glogin.sql
mv glogin.sql $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/
```
This script sets preferences like column width and timestamp display.

Troubleshooting Tips

“sqlplus: command not found”: Verify PATH includes $ORACLE_HOME/bin and run source ~/.bashrc again.
Library Errors: Ensure libaio and libaio-devel are installed (step 1).
Connection Failures: Double-check TNS entries (if using tnsnames.ora) or easy connect syntax (host/port/service).

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