怎样定制shiro框架认证流程 - 问答

Apache Shiro 是一个强大且灵活的 Java 安全框架，用于身份验证、授权、加密和会话管理。要定制 Shiro 的认证流程，你需要遵循以下步骤：

1. 引入依赖

首先，在你的项目中引入 Apache Shiro 的依赖。如果你使用的是 Maven，可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置 Shiro

创建一个 Shiro 配置类，通常命名为 ShiroConfig。在这个类中，你需要配置 Shiro 的各个组件，包括 SecurityManager、Realm、Authenticator、Authorizer 和 SessionManager。

import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager() {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setRealm(jdbcRealm());
        return securityManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public JdbcRealm jdbcRealm() {
        JdbcRealm jdbcRealm = new JdbcRealm();
        // 配置数据源
        jdbcRealm.setDataSource(dataSource());
        // 配置 SQL 语句
        jdbcRealm.setConnectionCheckSQL("SELECT 1");
        jdbcRealm.setPermissionsLookupEnabled(true);
        return jdbcRealm;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        // 配置数据源，例如使用 HikariCP
        HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb");
        dataSource.setUsername("username");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultSecurityManager securityManager) {
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // 配置过滤器链
        Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/admin/**", "authc"); // 需要认证的路由
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "anon"); // 不需要认证的路由
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);

        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }
}

3. 自定义 Realm

在上面的配置中，JdbcRealm 是用于从数据库中获取用户信息和权限的。你可以通过继承 AuthorizingRealm 来实现自定义的认证和授权逻辑。

import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class CustomRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        String username = (String) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        // 查询用户的角色和权限
        Set<String> roles = getRolesForUser(username);
        Set<String> permissions = getPermissionsForUser(username);

        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        authorizationInfo.setRoles(roles);
        authorizationInfo.setStringPermissions(permissions);
        return authorizationInfo;
    }

    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        UsernamePasswordToken upToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        String username = upToken.getUsername();

        // 查询用户信息
        User user = getUserByUsername(username);
        if (user == null) {
            throw new UnknownAccountException("用户不存在");
        }

        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), getName());
    }

    private Set<String> getRolesForUser(String username) {
        // 实现获取用户角色的逻辑
        return new HashSet<>();
    }

    private Set<String> getPermissionsForUser(String username) {
        // 实现获取用户权限的逻辑
        return new HashSet<>();
    }

    private User getUserByUsername(String username) {
        // 实现从数据库中获取用户的逻辑
        return new User();
    }
}

4. 自定义过滤器

Shiro 允许你自定义过滤器来实现特定的认证流程。你可以通过继承 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AuthenticatingFilter 来实现自定义的过滤器。

import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AuthenticatingFilter;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CustomAuthenticatingFilter extends AuthenticatingFilter {

    @Override
    protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String username = getUsername(request);
        String password = getPassword(request);
        return new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        return executeLogin(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    protected void executeLogin(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        try {
            getSubject(request, response).login(createToken(request, response));
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            // 处理认证失败的情况
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            response.getWriter().write("{\"status\":\"error\",\"message\":\"认证失败\"}");
        }
    }
}

然后在 ShiroFilterFactoryBean 中配置这个自定义过滤器：

@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultSecurityManager securityManager) {
    ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

    // 配置过滤器链
    Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/admin/**", "customAuthc"); // 使用自定义过滤器
    filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "anon"); // 不需要认证的路由
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);

    return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}

5. 自定义认证逻辑

在 CustomAuthenticatingFilter 中，你可以实现自定义的认证逻辑，例如添加额外的验证步骤、处理不同的认证方式（如短信验证码、邮箱验证等）。

通过以上步骤，你可以定制 Shiro 的认证流程，以满足你的项目需求。

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