在Debian系统上配置和优化Tomcat以提高其安全性是一个重要的步骤。以下是一个详细的指南,涵盖了从安装到高级安全配置的各个方面。
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install default-jdk
wget https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.76/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.76.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.76.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-tomcat-9.0.76 /opt/tomcat
sudo groupadd tomcat
sudo useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat
sudo chgrp -R tomcat /opt/tomcat
sudo chmod -R 750 /opt/tomcat
sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service
添加以下内容:
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:UseParallelGC'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'
ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
RestartSec=10
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
重新加载systemd并启动Tomcat:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start tomcat
sudo systemctl enable tomcat
cd /opt/tomcat/webapps
rm -rf docs examples
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
文件,修改HTTP端口为1234:<Connector port="1234" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443"/>
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
中的 server
属性:Connector port="1234" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" server="Custom Server Name"/>
webapps/manager
和 webapps/host-manager
目录:rm -rf /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager
rm -rf /opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
文件,添加SSL连接器:<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="/path/to/your/keystore" keystorePass="yourKeystorePassword"/>
/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
文件,添加管理用户:<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="securePassword" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
ufw
限制访问Tomcat端口:sudo ufw allow 1234/tcp
sudo ufw allow 8443/tcp
通过以上步骤,您可以显著提高Debian上Tomcat服务器的安全性。确保定期审查和更新配置,以应对新的安全威胁。