Ubuntu MySQL集群搭建教程

在Ubuntu上搭建MySQL集群可以通过多种方式实现，包括使用MySQL Cluster、Kubernetes的StatefulSet等。以下是使用Kubernetes的StatefulSet部署MySQL主从集群的详细步骤：

准备工作

1. 创建Namespace

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql

2. 配置密码Secret

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysql-secret
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
type: Opaque
data:
  password: MTIzNDU2  # base64编码的密码，生产环境建议使用更复杂的密码

主从配置分离

1. 创建ConfigMap

主节点配置（master.cnf）

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
data:
  master.cnf: |
    [mysqld]
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    skip-name-resolves

从节点配置（slave.cnf）

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
data:
  slave.cnf: |
    [mysqld]
    super-read-only
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    replicate-ignore-db=mysql

网络服务配置

1. Headless Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: mysql

2. 读写分离Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-read
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql

核心StatefulSet部署

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  serviceName: "mysql"
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      initContainers:
      - name: init-mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: password
        command:
        - bash
        - "-c"
        - |
          set -ex
          ordinal=$(hostname | awk '{print $NF}')
          echo "[mysqld] > /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf"
          echo "server-id=$((100 + $ordinal))" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          if [ $ordinal -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "server-id=100" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          else
            echo "server-id=$((100 + $ordinal))" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          fi
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: password
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-persistent-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: mysql-persistent-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 10Gi

部署步骤总结

1. 创建Namespace和Secret：定义用于隔离MySQL集群的环境和密码。
2. 配置ConfigMap：存储主节点和从节点的配置文件。
3. 配置网络服务：创建Headless Service和读写分离Service，以便正确路由流量。
4. 部署StatefulSet：使用StatefulSet部署MySQL主从集群，确保每个节点有独立身份和持久化数据。

通过以上步骤，您可以在Ubuntu上成功搭建一个MySQL主从集群。请根据实际需求和环境调整配置。