如何解读Debian dmesg日志中的错误信息

在Debian系统中，dmesg命令用于显示内核环形缓冲区的消息。这些消息包括硬件状态、驱动程序加载、系统启动过程中的信息以及运行时的错误和警告。以下是如何解读dmesg日志中错误信息的一些基本步骤：

1. 查看dmesg输出

首先，你可以直接运行dmesg命令来查看当前的日志信息：

dmesg

或者使用less或more分页查看：

dmesg | less

2. 过滤错误信息

你可以使用grep命令来过滤出包含错误信息的行：

dmesg | grep -i error

-i选项表示忽略大小写。

3. 理解错误信息的格式

dmesg日志中的每一行通常包含以下信息：

• 时间戳：显示消息产生的时间。
• 主机名：显示产生消息的主机名。
• 内核版本：显示当前运行的内核版本。
• 进程ID：显示产生消息的进程ID。
• 消息内容：具体的错误或警告信息。

例如：

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0-42-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-039) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Debian 9.3.0-10)) #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 00:24:02 UTC 2020
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[    0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
[    0.000000]   Intel GenuineIntel
[    0.000000]   AMD AuthenticAMD
[    0.000000]   Centaur CentaurHauls
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]:  576, xstate_sizes[2]:  256
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bfffffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000000cfffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0000000-0x00000000d1ffffff] ACPI data
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2000000-0x00000000d2000fff] ACPI NVS
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2010000-0x00000000d20fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2100000-0x00000000d27fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2800000-0x00000000d2ffffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3000000-0x00000000d3000fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3010000-0x00000000d3010fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3020000-0x00000000d3020fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3030000-0x00000000d3030fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3040000-0x00000000d3040fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3050000-0x00000000d3050fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3060000-0x00000000d3060fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3070000-0x00000000d3070fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3080000-0x00000000d3080fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3090000-0x00000000d3090fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30a0000-0x00000000d30a0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30b0000] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30c0000-0x00000000d30c0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30d0000-0x00000000d30d0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30e0000-0x00000000d30e0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d30f0000-0x00000000d30f0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3100000-0x00000000d3100fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3110000-0x00000000d3110fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3120000-0x00000000d3120fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3130000-0x00000000d3130fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3140000-0x00000000d3140fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3150000-0x00000000d3150fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3160000-0x00000000d3160fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3170000-0x00000000d3170fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3180000-0x00000000d3180fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3190000] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31a0000-0x00000000d31a0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31b0000-0x00000000d31b0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31c0000-0x00000000d31c0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31d0000-0x00000000d31d0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31e0000-0x00000000d31e0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d31f0000] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3200000-0x00000000d3200fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3210000-0x00000000d3210fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3220000-0x00000000d3220fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3230000-0x00000000d3230fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3240000-0x00000000d3240fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3250000-0x00000000d3250fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3260000-0x00000000d3260fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3270000-0x00000000d3270fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3280000-0x00000000d3280fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3290000-0x00000000d3290fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32a0000-0x00000000d32a0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32b0000-0x00000000d32b0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32c0000-0x00000000d32c0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32d0000-0x00000000d32d0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32e0000-0x00000000d32e0fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d32f0000] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3300000-0x00000000d3300fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d3310000-0x00000000d3310fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000