Ubuntu支持Fortran网络编程,但Fortran本身未内置网络编程功能,需通过外部库或系统套接字接口实现。以下是具体实现方式及关键步骤:
在Ubuntu上进行Fortran网络编程前,需安装Fortran编译器(如GFortran)和网络开发库:
# 安装GFortran(Ubuntu默认仓库提供)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gfortran
# 安装网络库(如libcurl,用于HTTP/FTP等协议)
sudo apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev
Fortran通过ISO_C_BINDING模块调用C语言的socket
API(如socket()
、bind()
、connect()
、send()
、recv()
),实现TCP/UDP通信。这是最常用的原生方式,适用于自定义协议或底层网络操作。
示例:TCP服务器(server.f90)
program server
use iso_c_binding, only: c_int, c_char, c_void, c_socklen_t
implicit none
integer(c_int) :: server_sock, client_sock, addr_len
integer(c_int) :: status
character(len=1024) :: buffer
type(c_ptr) :: client_addr
! 创建TCP套接字(AF_INET: IPv4, SOCK_STREAM: TCP)
server_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
if (server_sock < 0) then
print *, "Error creating socket"
stop
end if
! 绑定到本地端口(12345)
! 注意:需定义sockaddr_in结构体(此处简化,实际需填充sin_family、sin_port、sin_addr)
status = bind(server_sock, c_loc(client_addr), sizeof(client_addr))
if (status < 0) then
print *, "Error binding socket"
stop
end if
! 监听连接(最多5个排队)
status = listen(server_sock, 5)
if (status < 0) then
print *, "Error listening on socket"
stop
end if
print *, "Server is listening on port 12345"
! 接受客户端连接
addr_len = sizeof(client_addr)
client_sock = accept(server_sock, c_loc(client_addr), addr_len)
if (client_sock < 0) then
print *, "Error accepting connection"
stop
end if
print *, "Client connected"
! 接收数据(最多1024字节)
status = recv(client_sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0)
if (status > 0) then
print *, "Received: ", trim(adjustl(buffer))
end if
! 关闭连接
call close(client_sock)
call close(server_sock)
end program server
示例:TCP客户端(client.f90)
program client
use iso_c_binding, only: c_int, c_char, c_void
implicit none
integer(c_int) :: client_sock, status
character(len=1024) :: message
type(c_ptr) :: server_addr
! 创建TCP套接字
client_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
if (client_sock < 0) then
print *, "Error creating socket"
stop
end if
! 连接到服务器(127.0.0.1:12345)
status = connect(client_sock, c_loc(server_addr), sizeof(server_addr))
if (status < 0) then
print *, "Error connecting to server"
stop
end if
print *, "Connected to server"
! 发送消息
message = "Hello from Fortran client!"
status = send(client_sock, message, len(message), 0)
if (status < 0) then
print *, "Error sending data"
stop
end if
! 关闭连接
call close(client_sock)
end program client
编译与运行
# 编译服务器和客户端
gfortran -o server server.f90
gfortran -o client client.f90
# 启动服务器(终端1)
./server
# 启动客户端(终端2,发送消息)
./client
若需简化开发,可使用libcurl(支持HTTP/HTTPS/FTP等协议)或libsocket(Fortran专用socket库):
program http_get
use iso_c_binding, only: c_ptr, c_int, c_char
implicit none
interface
subroutine curl_easy_setopt(curl, option, value) bind(c, name="curl_easy_setopt")
use iso_c_binding
type(c_ptr), value :: curl
integer(c_int), value :: option
type(c_ptr), value :: value
end subroutine
function curl_easy_perform(curl) result(res) bind(c, name="curl_easy_perform")
use iso_c_binding
type(c_ptr), value :: curl
integer(c_int) :: res
end function
subroutine curl_easy_cleanup(curl) bind(c, name="curl_easy_cleanup")
use iso_c_binding
type(c_ptr), value :: curl
end subroutine
end interface
type(c_ptr) :: curl
integer(c_int) :: res
character(len=:), allocatable :: url
! 初始化libcurl
curl = curl_easy_init()
if (.not. c_associated(curl)) then
print *, "Failed to initialize curl"
stop
end if
! 设置URL(示例:example.com)
url = "http://example.com"
call curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, trim(url)//c_null_char)
call curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1_c_int)
! 执行请求
res = curl_easy_perform(curl)
if (res /= 0) then
print *, "curl_easy_perform failed: ", res
end if
! 清理
call curl_easy_cleanup(curl)
end program http_get
编译命令:gfortran -o http_get http_get.f90 -lcurl
socket()
、bind()
),处理异常情况(如端口占用、连接失败)。ufw
)允许程序使用的端口(如sudo ufw allow 12345/tcp
)。通过上述方法,Ubuntu系统可完全支持Fortran进行网络编程,覆盖从底层socket到高级协议的多种需求。