在Ubuntu上利用PyTorch进行自然语言处理可按以下步骤操作:
sudo apt update  
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-venv  
python3 -m venv pytorch_env  
source pytorch_env/bin/activate  
pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu  # CPU版本  
# 若需GPU支持,安装对应CUDA版本的PyTorch(参考)  
pip install transformers torchtext spacy  
python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm  # 英文分词模型  
torchtext加载数据并分词,构建词表和数据加载器。from torchtext.datasets import IMDB  
from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer  
from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator  
tokenizer = get_tokenizer("spacy", language="en_core_web_sm")  
train_iter, test_iter = IMDB(split=("train", "test"))  
def yield_tokens(data_iter):  
    for _, text in data_iter:  
        yield tokenizer(text)  
vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator(yield_tokens(train_iter), specials=["<unk>"])  
vocab.set_default_index(vocab["<unk>"])  
import torch.nn as nn  
class TextClassifier(nn.Module):  
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, hidden_dim, num_class):  
        super().__init__()  
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim)  
        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(embed_dim, hidden_dim, batch_first=True)  
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, num_class)  
    def forward(self, text):  
        embedded = self.embedding(text)  
        _, (hidden, _) = self.lstm(embedded)  
        return self.fc(hidden.squeeze(0))  
DataLoader批量训练,计算损失和准确率。Bi-LSTM-CRF模型,结合torchcrf库实现。(input_ids, attention_mask, labels),标签需按特定格式编码。BartForConditionalGeneration),输入源语言序列生成目标语言序列。from transformers import BartForConditionalGeneration, BartTokenizer  
tokenizer = BartTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-large-mnli")  
model = BartForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("facebook/bart-large-mnli")  
input_text = "Translate English to French: Hello, how are you?"  
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")  
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=50)  
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))  
transformers:提供预训练模型(BERT、GPT、T5等)和分词器,支持微调和推理。torchtext:处理文本数据,包括分词、词表构建、批处理等。spacy:高效分词和预处理,支持多种语言。.to('cuda')将模型和数据移至GPU。torch.cuda.amp)或分布式训练提升效率。参考资料:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]