mariadb

mariadb数据库怎样实现高可用

小樊
81
2024-12-22 04:17:58
栏目: 云计算

在MariaDB数据库中实现高可用性(High Availability, HA)通常涉及以下几个关键组件和步骤:

1. 集群配置

2. 安装和配置

安装MariaDB

在每个节点上安装MariaDB:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

配置MariaDB

在每个节点上编辑/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf文件,确保以下配置项一致:

[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
binlog_format = ROW

3. 创建Galera Cluster

初始化种子节点

选择一个节点作为种子节点(例如node1):

cd /usr/share/doc/galera-3.7/examples/kubernetes
sudo mysql --user=root --password=root --host=node1 -e "CREATE TABLE test.galera_cluster (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY)"
sudo mysql --user=root --password=root --host=node1 -e "INSERT INTO test.galera_cluster VALUES (1), (2), (3)"

启动Galera节点

在每个节点上启动Galera服务:

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start galera
sudo systemctl enable galera

4. 配置Pacemaker和Corosync

安装Pacemaker和Corosync

在每个节点上安装Pacemaker和Corosync:

sudo apt install pacemaker corosync

配置Corosync

编辑/etc/corosync/corosync.conf文件:

totem {
    version: 2
    secauth: yes
    interface {
        ringnumber: 0
        master_name: node1
    }
}

quorum {
    provider: corosync
}

启动Corosync

sudo systemctl start corosync
sudo systemctl enable corosync

配置Pacemaker

编辑/etc/pacemaker/pacemaker.conf文件:

node server1 {
    id: 1
    peer: node2, node3
    interface: eth0
    transport: tcp
}

node node2 {
    id: 2
    peer: node1, node3
    interface: eth0
    transport: tcp
}

node node3 {
    id: 3
    peer: node1, node2
    interface: eth0
    transport: tcp
}

resource mariadb {
    type = "mariadb"
    provider = "galera"
    template = "galera"
    params {
        wsrep_cluster_name = "my_cluster"
        wsrep_node_name = "%{node.name}"
        wsrep_node_address = "%{node.eth0.address}"
        wsrep_user = "root"
        wsrep_password = "root"
    }
}

启动Pacemaker

sudo systemctl start pacemaker
sudo systemctl enable pacemaker

5. 测试故障转移

模拟一个节点故障,观察自动故障转移过程:

  1. 停止一个Galera节点(例如node2):
    sudo systemctl stop mariadb
    sudo systemctl stop galera
    
  2. 检查集群状态:
    crm status
    
  3. 观察自动切换到其他节点并恢复服务。

通过以上步骤,您可以实现MariaDB的高可用性配置,确保在节点故障时能够自动切换到备用节点,保证服务的连续性和数据的完整性。

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