在MariaDB数据库中实现高可用性(High Availability, HA)通常涉及以下几个关键组件和步骤:
在每个节点上安装MariaDB:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
在每个节点上编辑/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
文件,确保以下配置项一致:
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
binlog_format = ROW
选择一个节点作为种子节点(例如node1):
cd /usr/share/doc/galera-3.7/examples/kubernetes
sudo mysql --user=root --password=root --host=node1 -e "CREATE TABLE test.galera_cluster (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY)"
sudo mysql --user=root --password=root --host=node1 -e "INSERT INTO test.galera_cluster VALUES (1), (2), (3)"
在每个节点上启动Galera服务:
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start galera
sudo systemctl enable galera
在每个节点上安装Pacemaker和Corosync:
sudo apt install pacemaker corosync
编辑/etc/corosync/corosync.conf
文件:
totem {
version: 2
secauth: yes
interface {
ringnumber: 0
master_name: node1
}
}
quorum {
provider: corosync
}
sudo systemctl start corosync
sudo systemctl enable corosync
编辑/etc/pacemaker/pacemaker.conf
文件:
node server1 {
id: 1
peer: node2, node3
interface: eth0
transport: tcp
}
node node2 {
id: 2
peer: node1, node3
interface: eth0
transport: tcp
}
node node3 {
id: 3
peer: node1, node2
interface: eth0
transport: tcp
}
resource mariadb {
type = "mariadb"
provider = "galera"
template = "galera"
params {
wsrep_cluster_name = "my_cluster"
wsrep_node_name = "%{node.name}"
wsrep_node_address = "%{node.eth0.address}"
wsrep_user = "root"
wsrep_password = "root"
}
}
sudo systemctl start pacemaker
sudo systemctl enable pacemaker
模拟一个节点故障,观察自动故障转移过程:
sudo systemctl stop mariadb
sudo systemctl stop galera
crm status
通过以上步骤,您可以实现MariaDB的高可用性配置,确保在节点故障时能够自动切换到备用节点,保证服务的连续性和数据的完整性。