使用JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)连接和操作数据库时,遵循一些最佳实践可以提高代码的性能、可维护性和安全性。以下是一些建议:
使用预编译语句(PreparedStatement):
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, username);
pstmt.setString(2, password);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
使用连接池:
设置适当的连接参数:
关闭资源:
ResultSet rs = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = dataSource.getConnection();
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users");
// 处理结果集
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理异常
} finally {
try {
if (rs != null) rs.close();
if (stmt != null) stmt.close();
if (conn != null) conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理关闭资源时的异常
}
}
使用批处理(Batch Processing):
String sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (User user : users) {
pstmt.setString(1, user.getUsername());
pstmt.setString(2, user.getPassword());
pstmt.addBatch();
}
pstmt.executeBatch();
事务管理:
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = dataSource.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false); // 关闭自动提交
// 执行多个数据库操作
// ...
conn.commit(); // 提交事务
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.rollback(); // 回滚事务
} catch (SQLException ex) {
// 处理回滚异常
}
}
// 处理业务异常
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理关闭连接时的异常
}
}
}
日志记录:
避免SQL注入:
优化查询:
监控和调优:
遵循这些最佳实践可以帮助你编写更高效、更安全的JDBC代码。