Monitoring Resource Usage in Debian Context
To effectively manage resource utilization in Debian, you need tools to track CPU, memory, disk, and process activity. Key command-line tools include:
top provides real-time process lists with CPU/memory usage; press Shift+M to sort by memory or Shift+P by CPU. htop (install via sudo apt install htop) offers a more intuitive interface with color coding and tree views.vmstat 1 to update stats every second; use -d for disk I/O or -p for CPU details.sysstat package). Use iostat -x 1 for detailed per-device metrics like read/write speeds.sysstat). Example: pidstat -u -p <PID> 1 monitors a specific process’s CPU usage.http://<IP>:61207). Install via sudo apt install glances.Identifying Resource Bottlenecks
top or htop to find processes consuming excessive CPU. Look for high %user or %system values in vmstat/cpustat (install sysstat for cpustat).free -m to check memory allocation (note: “used” includes cache/buffer). Use top/htop to identify memory-heavy processes. High si/so (swap in/out) in vmstat indicates memory pressure.iostat to check read/write speeds and vmstat for disk wait times (wa column). High await or %util values suggest disk bottlenecks.Optimizing Resource Usage
/etc/sysctl.conf to tweak settings like vm.swappiness (controls swap usage; lower values reduce swapping) or net.core.rmem_default (increases TCP buffer sizes). Apply changes with sudo sysctl -p.sudo apt purge linux-image-x.x.x-x-generic), clean APT cache (sudo apt clean), and delete temporary files (sudo rm -rf /tmp/*). Use ncdu (install via sudo apt install ncdu) to find large files/directories.systemctl disable <service_name> (e.g., Bluetooth, PostgreSQL) to reduce background resource usage.