在Debian系统上实现MySQL的高可用性,可以采用多种策略和技术。以下是一些常见的方法:
MySQL复制是实现高可用性的基础技术之一。通过复制,一个MySQL服务器(主服务器)的数据可以复制到一个或多个其他MySQL服务器(从服务器)。
配置主服务器:
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_do_db = your_database_name
sudo systemctl restart mysql
创建复制用户:
mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER 'replicator'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicator'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
获取主服务器的二进制日志位置:
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
File
和Position
的值。配置从服务器:
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
server-id = 2
relay_log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
replicate_do_db = your_database_name
sudo systemctl restart mysql
设置从服务器连接到主服务器:
mysql -u root -p
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='master_ip',
MASTER_USER='replicator',
MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name',
MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;
START SLAVE;
MySQL Group Replication是MySQL 5.7及以上版本提供的一种高可用性解决方案,支持多主模式和单主模式。
安装MySQL Group Replication插件:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.7
配置Group Replication:
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
server-id = 1
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeeeee"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
loose-group_replication_ssl_mode = REQUIRED
loose-group_replication_recovery_use_ssl = 1
loose-group_replication_local_address = "192.168.1.1:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "192.168.1.1:33061,192.168.1.2:33061"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
sudo systemctl restart mysql
启动Group Replication:
mysql -u root -p
SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
START GROUP_REPLICATION;
SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;
Keepalived和LVS(Linux Virtual Server)可以用来实现MySQL的高可用性和负载均衡。
安装Keepalived和LVS:
sudo apt-get install keepalived
sudo apt-get install ipvsadm
配置Keepalived:
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
文件,添加以下内容:vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.100
}
}
sudo systemctl start keepalived
配置LVS:
MariaDB Galera Cluster是MariaDB提供的一种高可用性解决方案,支持多主模式和单主模式。
安装MariaDB Galera Cluster:
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/10.5/debian stretch main'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server-10.5-galera-3
配置Galera Cluster:
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3
wsrep_cluster_name=GaleraCluster
wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.1
wsrep_node_name=node1
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
启动Galera Cluster:
mysql -u root -p
SET GLOBAL wsrep_on=ON;
通过以上方法,可以在Debian系统上实现MySQL的高可用性。选择哪种方法取决于具体需求和环境。