Ubuntu PHP如何实现用户认证 - 问答

在Ubuntu上使用PHP实现用户认证通常涉及以下几个步骤：

安装必要的软件包：确保你的Ubuntu系统上安装了PHP和相关的数据库（如MySQL或PostgreSQL）。你可以使用以下命令来安装它们：
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php php-mysql php-pgsql
```

创建数据库和表：使用MySQL或PostgreSQL创建一个数据库，并在其中创建一个用户表。例如，使用MySQL：

CREATE DATABASE user_auth;
USE user_auth;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

创建PHP脚本：创建一个PHP脚本来处理用户注册和登录。以下是一个简单的示例：

注册页面 (register.php)：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Register</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Register</h2>
    <form action="register.php" method="post">
        Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
        Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="Register">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

处理注册 (register.php)：

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "your_db_username";
$password = "your_db_password";
$dbname = "user_auth";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $username = $conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
    $password = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

    $sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES ('$username', '$password')";

    if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
        echo "New record created successfully";
    } else {
        echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
    }

    $conn->close();
}
?>

登录页面 (login.php)：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Login</h2>
    <form action="login.php" method="post">
        Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
        Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="Login">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

处理登录 (login.php)：

<?php
session_start();
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "your_db_username";
$password = "your_db_password";
$dbname = "user_auth";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $username = $conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
    $password = $_POST['password'];

    $sql = "SELECT id, username, password FROM users WHERE username = '$username'";
    $result = $conn->query($sql);

    if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
        $row = $result->fetch_assoc();
        if (password_verify($password, $row['password'])) {
            $_SESSION['loggedin'] = true;
            $_SESSION['username'] = $row['username'];
            header("Location: welcome.php");
            exit;
        } else {
            echo "Invalid password";
        }
    } else {
        echo "Username not found";
    }

    $conn->close();
}
?>

创建欢迎页面：

<?php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['loggedin']) || $_SESSION['loggedin'] !== true) {
    header("Location: login.php");
    exit;
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Welcome, <?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['username']); ?>!</h2>
    <a href="logout.php">Logout</a>
</body>
</html>

创建注销脚本：

<?php
session_start();
unset($_SESSION['loggedin']);
unset($_SESSION['username']);
header("Location: login.php");
exit;
?>

通过以上步骤，你可以在Ubuntu上使用PHP实现一个简单的用户认证系统。请确保在实际应用中使用更安全的措施，如HTTPS、输入验证和防止SQL注入等。

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