java怎么读取xml文件内容

在Java中读取XML文件内容有多种方法，以下是两种常见的方法：

1. 使用DOM解析器：

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;

public class ReadXMLUsingDOM {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try {
         File inputFile = new File("input.xml");
         DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
         DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
         Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
         doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
         System.out.println("根元素：" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
         NodeList nodeList = doc.getElementsByTagName("student");
         for (int temp = 0; temp < nodeList.getLength(); temp++) {
            Node node = nodeList.item(temp);
            System.out.println("\n当前元素：" + node.getNodeName());
            if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
               Element element = (Element) node;
               System.out.println("学号：" + element.getAttribute("id"));
               System.out.println("姓名：" + element.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent());
               System.out.println("年龄：" + element.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).getTextContent());
               System.out.println("性别：" + element.getElementsByTagName("gender").item(0).getTextContent());
            }
         }
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

2. 使用SAX解析器：

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class ReadXMLUsingSAX {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try {
         File inputFile = new File("input.xml");
         SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
         SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
         DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() {
            boolean bName = false;
            boolean bAge = false;
            boolean bGender = false;

            public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
               if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("name")) {
                  bName = true;
               }
               if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("age")) {
                  bAge = true;
               }
               if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("gender")) {
                  bGender = true;
               }
            }

            public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
               if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
                  System.out.println();
               }
            }

            public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
               if (bName) {
                  System.out.println("姓名：" + new String(ch, start, length));
                  bName = false;
               }
               if (bAge) {
                  System.out.println("年龄：" + new String(ch, start, length));
                  bAge = false;
               }
               if (bGender) {
                  System.out.println("性别：" + new String(ch, start, length));
                  bGender = false;
               }
            }
         };
         saxParser.parse(inputFile, handler);
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

这两种方法分别使用DOM解析器和SAX解析器来解析XML文件，可以根据需要选择使用的解析器。