确保Ubuntu上的MariaDB高可用性可以通过多种策略和技术实现,以下是一些常见的方法:
MariaDB Galera Cluster是一个多主复制解决方案,提供真正的多主复制和高可用性。
安装和配置步骤:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
wsrep_provider = /usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address = gcomm://node1_ip,node2_ip,node3_ip
wsrep_node_address = node_ip
wsrep_node_name = node_name
wsrep_sst_method = xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth = your_sst_user:your_sst_password
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
galera_new_cluster
sudo mysql -u root -p -e "SET GLOBAL wsrep_cluster_address='gcomm://node1_ip,node2_ip,node3_ip';"
mysql -u root -p -e "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';"
注意事项:
MariaDB复制是一种常见的主从复制解决方案,可以提供高可用性和读扩展性。
安装和配置步骤:
安装MariaDB(与Galera Cluster步骤相同)。
配置主服务器。编辑 /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_do_db = your_database_name
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
CREATE USER 'replicator'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicator'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
文件,添加以下内容:[mysqld]
server-id = 2
relay_log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_do_db = your_database_name
read_only = 1
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_ip', MASTER_USER='replicator', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
START SLAVE;
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
注意事项:
Keepalived和LVS(Linux Virtual Server)可以提供负载均衡和高可用性。
安装和配置步骤:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install keepalived lvs-tools
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
文件,添加以下内容:vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 42
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.100
}
}
sudo systemctl start keepalived
ipvsadm
工具配置LVS规则。sudo ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.100:3306 -s rr
sudo ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:3306 -r node1_ip:3306 -m
sudo ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:3306 -r node2_ip:3306 -m
sudo ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:3306 -r node3_ip:3306 -m
注意事项:
通过以上方法,可以在Ubuntu上实现MariaDB的高可用性。选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和环境。