Ubuntu Compton与PulseAudio集成

Integrating Compton with PulseAudio on Ubuntu
Compton is a lightweight window compositor that enhances desktop visuals with effects like transparency and shadows, while PulseAudio is a versatile audio server managing sound streams. Although they serve different functions, ensuring proper integration helps avoid conflicts (e.g., audio lag) and optimizes multimedia performance. Below is a step-by-step guide to integrating them on Ubuntu.

1. Install Compton and PulseAudio

First, install both packages using Ubuntu’s package manager. Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install compton pulseaudio

This installs the latest versions of Compton and PulseAudio available in Ubuntu’s repositories.

2. Configure Compton for Compatibility

Compton’s settings can impact how it interacts with PulseAudio. Edit its configuration file (located at ~/.config/compton.conf or /etc/xdg/compton.conf) using a text editor (e.g., nano):

nano ~/.config/compton.conf

Add or modify these key settings to reduce visual glitches and improve compatibility:

• Backend: Use the glx backend for better performance (if your GPU supports OpenGL):

  backend = "glx";
  

• VSync: Enable vertical sync to prevent screen tearing and audio desync:

  vsync = true;
  

• Shadows/Transparency: Adjust or disable shadows/transparency if they cause audio lag (some applications may struggle with transparent windows):

  shadow = false;  # Disable shadows temporarily to test
  opacity = 1.0;   # Set default opacity to 100%
  

Save changes and exit the editor. Restart Compton to apply settings:

killall compton && compton &
```.


### **3. Configure PulseAudio for Compton Integration**  
PulseAudio needs to allow Compton to access audio streams. Edit the PulseAudio daemon configuration file:  
```bash
sudo nano /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

Uncomment (remove the ; at the start) and adjust these lines to optimize buffer sizes and reduce latency:

default-fragments = 8
default-fragment-size-msec = 10

These settings increase the number of audio buffers and reduce their size, which helps prevent lag when Compton is rendering visuals. Save the file and restart PulseAudio:

pulseaudio -k && pulseaudio --start
```.


### **4. Verify Integration and Troubleshoot**  
After configuration, verify that both services are running:  
```bash
pgrep compton && pgrep pulseaudio

If either service isn’t running, restart it manually. To check for audio lag, play a video (e.g., with VLC) and observe if audio matches the video. If lag persists:

• Check Compton’s logs: Run compton --log-level debug to identify visual glitches causing delays.
• Adjust PulseAudio latency: Lower default-fragment-size-msec in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf (e.g., to 5) and restart PulseAudio.
• Use pavucontrol: Install the PulseAudio Volume Control tool (sudo apt install pavucontrol) to monitor audio streams and adjust application-specific settings.

5. Optional: Set Up Startup Services

To ensure Compton and PulseAudio launch automatically on boot, create a systemd service for Compton:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/compton.service

Add the following content (replace %i with your username):

[Unit]
Description=Compton Compositor
After=display-manager.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/compton
Restart=always
User=%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable and start the service:

sudo systemctl enable compton
sudo systemctl start compton

PulseAudio starts automatically with Ubuntu, so no additional setup is needed.

By following these steps, you can integrate Compton with PulseAudio on Ubuntu, ensuring smooth visuals and audio synchronization. Note that Compton is considered deprecated; for new systems, consider using picom (a modern fork of Compton) for better compatibility.