在Python爬虫中处理异常情况非常重要,以确保程序的稳定性和可靠性。以下是一些建议和方法来处理异常情况:
try:
# 可能出现异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 处理异常
print(f"请求错误: {e}")
Exception
类。这样可以更准确地处理不同类型的异常。例如:try:
# 可能出现异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
# 处理HTTP错误
print(f"HTTP错误: {e}")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
# 处理超时错误
print(f"请求超时: {e}")
logging
模块记录异常信息,以便在出现问题时进行调试和分析。例如:import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename="spider.log", level=logging.ERROR)
try:
# 可能出现异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 记录异常信息
logging.error(f"请求错误: {e}")
import time
def request_with_retry(url, retries=3, timeout=5):
for i in range(retries):
try:
response = requests.get(url, timeout=timeout)
response.raise_for_status()
return response
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
if i == retries - 1:
raise e
time.sleep(2 ** i) # 指数退避策略
time.sleep()
函数在请求之间添加延迟,或者使用第三方库(如ratelimit
)来实现更高级的速率限制策略。通过遵循这些建议和方法,您可以更好地处理Python爬虫中的异常情况,提高程序的稳定性和可靠性。