C++归并排序的递归与非递归实现

递归实现C++代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void merge(std::vector<int>& arr, int left, int mid, int right) {
    int n1 = mid - left + 1;
    int n2 = right - mid;

    std::vector<int> L(n1);
    std::vector<int> R(n2);

    for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
        L[i] = arr[left + i];
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
        R[j] = arr[mid + 1 + j];
    }

    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    int k = left;

    while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
        if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
        } else {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
        }
        k++;
    }

    while (i < n1) {
        arr[k] = L[i];
        i++;
        k++;
    }

    while (j < n2) {
        arr[k] = R[j];
        j++;
        k++;
    }
}

void mergeSort(std::vector<int>& arr, int left, int right) {
    if (left < right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        mergeSort(arr, left, mid);
        mergeSort(arr, mid + 1, right);

        merge(arr, left, mid, right);
    }
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
    int n = arr.size();

    mergeSort(arr, 0, n - 1);

    std::cout << "Sorted array: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

非递归实现C++代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void merge(std::vector<int>& arr, int left, int mid, int right) {
    int n1 = mid - left + 1;
    int n2 = right - mid;

    std::vector<int> L(n1);
    std::vector<int> R(n2);

    for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
        L[i] = arr[left + i];
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
        R[j] = arr[mid + 1 + j];
    }

    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    int k = left;

    while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
        if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
        } else {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
        }
        k++;
    }

    while (i < n1) {
        arr[k] = L[i];
        i++;
        k++;
    }

    while (j < n2) {
        arr[k] = R[j];
        j++;
        k++;
    }
}

void mergeSort(std::vector<int>& arr) {
    int n = arr.size();
    int curr_size;
    int left_start;

    for (curr_size = 1; curr_size <= n - 1; curr_size = 2 * curr_size) {
        for (left_start = 0; left_start < n - 1; left_start += 2 * curr_size) {
            int mid = std::min(left_start + curr_size - 1, n - 1);
            int right = std::min(left_start + 2 * curr_size - 1, n - 1);

            merge(arr, left_start, mid, right);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
    
    mergeSort(arr);

    std::cout << "Sorted array: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

这两种方法都是通过将数组分成两半，递归或迭代地对每一半进行排序，然后再将两个有序的子数组合并成一个有序的数组。