在mysql修改表为外键的示例：
country 表是父表，country_id是主键，city是子表，外键为country_id，和country表的主键country_id对应，在创建表的时候添加外键，示例：
create table country(country_id smallint unsigned not null auto_increment,
country varchar(50) not null,
last_update timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp,
primary key(country_id)
)engine=INNODB default charset=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `city` (
`city_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
`city` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`country_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
`last_update` timestamp NOT NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`),
KEY `idx_fk_country_id` (`country_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_city_country` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `country` (`country_id`) on delete restrict ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
在建表后添加外键的示例：
ALTER TABLE city ADD FOREIGN KEY (country_id) REFERENCES `country`(country_id);