在Linux下使用C++进行网络编程,通常会使用套接字(socket)API。以下是一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端的示例,展示了如何在Linux环境下使用C++进行基本的网络通信。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
int server_fd, new_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int opt = 1;
int addrlen = sizeof(address);
char buffer[1024] = {0};
const char* hello = "Hello from server";
// 创建套接字文件描述符
if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
perror("socket failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 设置套接字选项
if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
perror("setsockopt");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 定义服务器地址
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
address.sin_port = htons(8080);
// 绑定套接字到地址
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
perror("bind failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 监听连接
if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 接受连接
if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
perror("accept");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 读取客户端发送的数据
read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;
// 向客户端发送数据
send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
std::cout << "Hello message sent\n";
// 关闭套接字
close(new_socket);
close(server_fd);
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
int sock = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
const char* hello = "Hello from client";
char buffer[1024] = {0};
// 创建套接字文件描述符
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
std::cout << "
Socket creation error
";
return -1;
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);
// 将IPv4地址从文本转换为二进制形式
if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
std::cout << "
Invalid address/ Address not supported
";
return -1;
}
// 连接到服务器
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
std::cout << "
Connection Failed
";
return -1;
}
// 向服务器发送数据
send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
std::cout << "Hello message sent\n";
// 读取服务器发送的数据
read(sock, buffer, 1024);
std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;
// 关闭套接字
close(sock);
return 0;
}
server.cpp
和client.cpp
。g++ -o server server.cpp
g++ -o client client.cpp
./server
./client
这样,客户端就会连接到服务器,发送一条消息,并接收服务器的响应。
通过这些基本步骤,你可以在Linux下使用C++进行网络编程。