ubuntu

Ubuntu上Python与Java如何互操作

小樊
41
2025-03-20 15:46:31
栏目: 编程语言

在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作可以通过多种方式实现,以下是几种常见的方法:

使用JPype库在Python中调用Java

JPype是一个允许Python代码直接调用Java类的库。以下是基本步骤:

  1. 安装JPype

    pip3 install jpype1
    
  2. 打包Java代码为JAR: 编译Java类并打包为JAR文件。例如:

    javac testDemo.java
    jar cvf testDemo.jar testDemo.class
    
  3. 在Python中调用Java

    from jpype import *
    import os
    
    # 启动Java虚拟机
    startJVM("/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java", "-ea", "-Djava.class.path=/path/to/testDemo.jar")
    
    # 加载Java类
    JClass("testDemo")
    
    # 调用Java方法
    result = JClass("testDemo").inputTest("Hello")
    print(result)
    
    # 关闭Java虚拟机
    shutdownJVM()
    

使用Jython在Python中运行Java代码

Jython是Python语言的Java实现,允许Python代码直接调用Java类。以下是基本步骤:

  1. 安装Jython

    wget https://downloads.apache.org//jython/2.7.2/jython-standalone-2.7.2.jar
    java -jar jython-standalone-2.7.2.jar
    
  2. 编写Java代码(例如testDemo.java):

    package com.example;
    
    public class testDemo {
        public String inputTest(String input) {
            return "Input content: " + input;
        }
    }
    
  3. 在Jython中调用Java

    from com.example import testDemo
    
    demo = testDemo()
    print(demo.inputTest("Hello"))
    

使用Apache Thrift进行跨语言调用

Apache Thrift是一个跨语言的服务定义框架,支持多种语言包括Python和Java。以下是基本步骤:

  1. 定义Thrift文件(例如example.thrift):

    namespace java com.example
    
    namespace py com.example
    
    service SharedService {
        string constMap(1: string mapConstant)
        struct Work {
            1: i32 num1
            2: i32 num2
            3: Operation op
            4: optional string comment
        }
        enum Operation {
             ADD = 1
             SUBTRACT = 2
             MULTIPLY = 3
             DIVIDE = 4
        }
        struct SharedStruct {
            1: i32 key
            2: string value
        }
        sharedStruct getSharedStruct(1: string key)
    }
    
  2. 生成Java和Python代码

    thrift --gen java example.thrift
    thrift --gen py example.thrift
    
  3. 在Java中实现服务

    package com.example;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;
    import org.apache.thrift.impl.TMultiplexedProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.impl.TProtocolFactory;
    import org.apache.thrift.impl.TTransportFactory;
    
    public class SharedServiceImpl implements SharedService.Iface {
        @Override
        public Map<String, String> constMap(String mapConstant) {
            Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>();
            result.put("mapConstant", mapConstant);
            return result;
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090);
                transport.open();
    
                TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
                SharedService.Client client = new SharedService.Client(protocol);
    
                TMultiplexedProtocol multiplexedProtocol = new TMultiplexedProtocol(protocol, "shared");
                SharedService.Client sharedClient = new SharedService.Client(multiplexedProtocol);
    
                Map<String, String> result = sharedClient.constMap("hello:world");
                System.out.println(result);
    
                transport.close();
            } catch (TTransportException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
  4. 在Python中调用Java服务

    from shared_service import SharedService
    from thrift.transport import TSocket
    from thrift.transport import TTransport
    from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
    
    transport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090)
    transport.open()
    
    protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
    client = SharedService.Client(protocol)
    
    result = client.constMap({'hello': 'world'})
    print(result)
    
    transport.close()
    

通过以上方法,您可以在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作,选择适合您项目需求的方法进行实现。

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