Golang在Linux中如何进行网络编程

在Linux中使用Golang进行网络编程，你可以使用Go语言的标准库"net"来实现。以下是一些基本的网络编程任务，如创建TCP服务器、TCP客户端、UDP服务器和UDP客户端。

1. 创建TCP服务器：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer listener.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting:", err.Error())
			continue
		}

		go handleRequest(conn)
	}
}

func handleRequest(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			return
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))

		_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Message received"))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error writing:", err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
}

2. 创建TCP客户端：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	go func() {
		reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
		for {
			fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
			message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

			_, err := conn.Write([]byte(message))
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err.Error())
				return
			}
		}
	}()

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			return
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))
	}
}

3. 创建UDP服务器：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening on UDP:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			continue
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message from %s: %s\n", addr.String(), string(buffer[:bytesRead]))

		_, err = conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received"), addr)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error writing:", err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
}

4. 创建UDP客户端：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error connecting to UDP server:", err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	go func() {
		reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
		for {
			fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
			message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

			_, err := conn.Write([]byte(message))
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err.Error())
				return
			}
		}
	}()

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			return
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))
	}
}

这些示例展示了如何在Linux中使用Golang进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据自己的需求修改这些示例，以实现更复杂的功能。