asp.net websocket啥技巧 - 问答

ASP.NET Core WebSocket 提供了一种在客户端和服务器之间进行全双工通信的机制。以下是一些使用 ASP.NET Core WebSocket 的技巧：

安装依赖项：确保安装了 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Abstractions 和 Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebSockets NuGet 包。

配置 WebSocket：在 Startup.cs 文件中配置 WebSocket 中间件。

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddControllersWithViews();
    services.AddWebSocket(options =>
    {
        options.AllowedOrigins = new[] { "*" };
    });
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    else
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        app.UseHsts();
    }
    app.UseHttpsRedirection();
    app.UseStaticFiles();
    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
            name: "default",
            pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        endpoints.MapWebSocket("/ws", new WebSocketOptions() { KeepAliveInterval = TimeSpan.Zero });
    });
}

处理 WebSocket 连接：创建一个类来处理 WebSocket 连接和消息。

public class MyWebSocketHandler
{
    private readonly WebSocket _webSocket;

    public MyWebSocketHandler(WebSocket webSocket)
    {
        _webSocket = webSocket;
    }

    public async Task OnConnectedAsync(string userId)
    {
        await _webSocket.SendAsync(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"Welcome, {userId}!"));
    }

    public async Task OnMessageReceivedAsync(string message)
    {
        var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message);
        await _webSocket.SendAsync(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"Echo: {data}"));
    }

    public async Task OnDisconnectedAsync(Exception exception)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Disconnected: {exception}");
    }
}

在控制器中使用 WebSocket：在控制器中处理 WebSocket 请求。

[HttpGet]
public async Task<IActionResult> Index(string id)
{
    if (HttpContext.WebSockets.IsWebSocketRequest())
    {
        var webSocket = await HttpContext.WebSockets.AcceptWebSocketAsync();
        var handler = new MyWebSocketHandler(webSocket);
        await handler.OnConnectedAsync(id);

        while (webSocket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
        {
            var buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
            WebSocketReceiveResult result;
            do
            {
                result = await webSocket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), CancellationToken.None);
            }
            while (!result.CloseStatus.HasValue);

            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
            await handler.OnMessageReceivedAsync(message);
        }

        await handler.OnDisconnectedAsync(null);
    }

    return View();
}

客户端代码：在客户端使用 JavaScript 建立 WebSocket 连接。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>WebSocket Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="text" id="userId" placeholder="Enter your ID">
    <script>
        const userId = document.getElementById("userId").value;
        const socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:5000/ws");

        socket.addEventListener("open", (event) => {
            socket.send(JSON.stringify({ userId }));
        });

        socket.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
            const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
            console.log(`Server says: ${data}`);
        });

        socket.addEventListener("close", (event) => {
            console.log(`Disconnected: ${event}`);
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

这些技巧可以帮助你更好地使用 ASP.NET Core WebSocket 进行实时通信。

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