Golang在Linux上的网络编程如何实现

在Linux上使用Golang进行网络编程，主要涉及到TCP、UDP和Unix Domain Socket等协议。以下是一些基本的示例和说明：

TCP

服务器端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer listener.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting:", err.Error())
			continue
		}

		go handleRequest(conn)
	}
}

func handleRequest(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			return
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))

		_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Message received"))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error writing:", err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Hello, Server!"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))
}

UDP

服务器端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening on UDP:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on UDP :8080")

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading from UDP:", err.Error())
			continue
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message from %s: %s\n", addr.String(), string(buffer[:bytesRead]))

		_, err = conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received"), addr)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error writing to UDP:", err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error dialing UDP:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Hello, UDP Server!"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))
}

Unix Domain Socket

服务器端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	socketPath := "/tmp/uds.sock"
	os.Remove(socketPath)

	address, err := net.ResolveUnixAddr("unix", socketPath)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving Unix address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening on Unix socket:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on Unix socket:", socketPath)

	for {
		clientConn, err := conn.AcceptUnix()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting Unix connection:", err.Error())
			continue
		}

		go handleRequest(clientConn)
	}
}

func handleRequest(conn *net.UnixConn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			return
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))

		_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Message received"))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error writing:", err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	socketPath := "/tmp/uds.sock"

	address, err := net.ResolveUnixAddr("unix", socketPath)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving Unix address:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error dialing Unix socket:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Hello, Unix Socket Server!"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	bytesRead, err := conn.Read(buffer)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:bytesRead]))
}

这些示例展示了如何在Linux上使用Golang进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据需要扩展和修改这些示例。