在CentOS系统中实现负载均衡,通常可以使用以下几种方法:
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也可以用作负载均衡器。
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install nginx
编辑Nginx配置文件(通常位于/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
或/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
),添加负载均衡配置。
http {
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
server backend3.example.com;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
}
sudo systemctl restart nginx
HAProxy是一个专业的负载均衡器,支持多种协议。
sudo yum install haproxy
编辑HAProxy配置文件(通常位于/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
),添加负载均衡配置。
global
log /dev/log local0
log /dev/log local1 notice
daemon
defaults
log global
mode http
option httplog
option dontlognull
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
frontend http_front
bind *:80
default_backend http_back
backend http_back
balance roundrobin
server server1 backend1.example.com:80 check
server server2 backend2.example.com:80 check
server server3 backend3.example.com:80 check
sudo systemctl restart haproxy
Keepalived主要用于实现高可用性和负载均衡,通常与LVS(Linux Virtual Server)结合使用。
sudo yum install keepalived
编辑Keepalived配置文件(通常位于/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
),添加负载均衡配置。
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.100
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.101 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 192.168.1.102 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
connect_port 80
}
}
}
sudo systemctl restart keepalived
LVS(Linux Virtual Server)是一个基于内核的负载均衡解决方案。
sudo yum install ipvsadm
使用ipvsadm
命令配置LVS。
sudo ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.100:80 -s rr
sudo ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:80 -r 192.168.1.101 -g
sudo ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:80 -r 192.168.1.102 -g
sudo systemctl start ipvsadm
以上方法可以根据具体需求选择合适的负载均衡方案。Nginx和HAProxy适用于大多数场景,而Keepalived和LVS则更适合需要高可用性和复杂负载均衡策略的场景。