Ubuntu中C++如何实现序列化

在Ubuntu中，C++实现序列化可以使用多种方法。以下是一些常用的序列化库和方法：

1. 使用Boost.Serialization

Boost.Serialization是一个非常强大的库，可以序列化几乎所有的C++数据类型。

安装Boost.Serialization

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

示例代码

#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/vector.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>

class Person {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;

    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & name;
        ar & age;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << people;
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.txt");
        boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
        ia >> loaded_people;
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

2. 使用Cereal

Cereal是一个轻量级的C++11序列化库，易于使用且性能良好。

安装Cereal

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

示例代码

#include <cereal/archives/json.hpp>
#include <cereal/types/vector.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Person {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;

    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive & archive) {
        archive(name, age);
    }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.json");
        cereal::JSONOutputArchive oarchive(ofs);
        oarchive(people);
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.json");
        cereal::JSONInputArchive iarchive(ifs);
        iarchive(loaded_people);
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

3. 使用标准库的std::ofstream和std::ifstream

如果你只需要简单的序列化和反序列化，可以使用标准库的文件流。

示例代码

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

void serialize(const std::vector<Person>& people, const std::string& filename) {
    std::ofstream ofs(filename);
    for (const auto& person : people) {
        ofs << person.name << " " << person.age << "\n";
    }
}

std::vector<Person> deserialize(const std::string& filename) {
    std::vector<Person> people;
    std::ifstream ifs(filename);
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(ifs, line)) {
        Person person;
        sscanf(line.c_str(), "%s %d", &person.name[0], &person.age);
        people.push_back(person);
    }
    return people;
}

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    serialize(people, "people.txt");

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people = deserialize("people.txt");

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

以上是几种在Ubuntu中使用C++实现序列化的方法。根据你的需求和偏好，可以选择适合的库和方法。