在Ubuntu虚拟机中实现负载均衡常用工具为Nginx和HAProxy,以下是具体步骤:
sudo apt update  
sudo apt install nginx  
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 或 /etc/nginx/conf.d/load_balancer.conf,添加后端服务器组及负载均衡策略(如轮询):http {  
    upstream backend {  
        server 192.168.1.101:8080;  
        server 192.168.1.102:8080;  
        # 可选策略:least_conn(最少连接)、ip_hash(IP哈希)  
    }  
    server {  
        listen 80;  
        location / {  
            proxy_pass http://backend;  
        }  
    }  
}  
sudo systemctl restart nginx  
sudo apt update  
sudo apt install haproxy  
/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg,定义前端监听和后端服务器组:frontend http_front  
    bind *:80  
    default_backend http_back  
backend http_back  
    balance roundrobin  
    server server1 192.168.1.101:80 check  
    server server2 192.168.1.102:80 check  
}  
sudo systemctl restart haproxy  
适用于高可用场景,需结合内核模块配置虚拟IP(VIP)和健康检查,步骤较复杂,可参考文档。
说明:
sudo nginx -t或sudo haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg测试配置语法。