kafka的producer如何进行消息解密方式选择 - 问答

Kafka Producer 本身不提供直接的消息解密功能，但你可以通过以下两种方式实现消息解密：

在 Kafka Producer 端进行加密和解密：

你可以在将消息发送到 Kafka 之前对其进行加密，然后在消费者端进行解密。这里以 Java 为例，使用 AES 加密算法进行加密和解密：

首先，需要添加相关依赖。在 Maven 项目的 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
    <artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
    <version>1.68</version>
</dependency>

然后，创建一个加密工具类：

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AESUtil {
    private static final String ALGORITHM = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
    private static final String TRANSFORMATION = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
    private static final String CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name();
    private static final String KEY_TYPE = "AES";

    public static String encrypt(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(CHARSET), KEY_TYPE);
        IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec("1234567812345678".getBytes(CHARSET));
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
        byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(CHARSET));
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(CHARSET), KEY_TYPE);
        IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec("1234567812345678".getBytes(CHARSET));
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
        byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data));
        return new String(decryptedBytes, CHARSET);
    }
}

在 Kafka Producer 中使用加密后的消息：

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;

public class EncryptedKafkaProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
        props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");

        KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
        String key = "your_key";
        String value = "your_value";
        String encryptedValue = AESUtil.encrypt(value, key);

        ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>("your_topic", key, encryptedValue);
        producer.send(record);

        producer.close();
    }
}

在 Kafka 消费者端进行解密：

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;

public class DecryptedKafkaConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
        props.put("group.id", "your_group_id");
        props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props);
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList("your_topic"));

        while (true) {
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
                try {
                    String decryptedValue = AESUtil.decrypt(record.value(), "your_key");
                    System.out.printf("Decrypted value: key = %s, value = %s%n", record.key(), decryptedValue);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

使用 Kafka Streams 进行解密：

如果你希望使用 Kafka Streams 进行解密，可以在消费者端使用 Kafka Streams API 对消息进行处理。这里以 Java 为例，使用 AES 解密算法进行解密：

首先，需要添加相关依赖。在 Maven 项目的 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-streams</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
    <artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
    <version>1.68</version>
</dependency>

然后，创建一个 Kafka Streams 消费者：

import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.KafkaStreams;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.StreamsBuilder;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.KStream;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.KTable;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.Materialized;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.Produced;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.state.Stores;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.Topology;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.Consumed;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import java.security.Security;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Properties;

public class DecryptingKafkaStreamsConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
        props.put("application.id", "decrypting-kafka-streams-consumer");
        props.put("key.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class.getName());
        props.put("value.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class.getName());
        props.put("group.id", "your_group_id");

        StreamsBuilder builder = new StreamsBuilder();
        KStream<String, String> encryptedStream = builder.stream("your_topic");

        // Replace 'your_key' with the actual key used for encryption
        String key = "your_key";
        KTable<String, String> decryptedTable = encryptedStream
            .mapValues(value -> AESUtil.decrypt(value, key))
            .toTable(Materialized.as("decrypted-store"));

        decryptedTable.toStream().to("decrypted_topic", Produced.with(StringSerializer.class, StringSerializer.class));

        KafkaStreams streams = new KafkaStreams(builder.build(), props);
        streams.start();

        // Add shutdown hook to gracefully close the Kafka Streams application
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(streams::close));
    }
}

在上述示例中，我们创建了一个 Kafka Streams 消费者，从 “your_topic” 读取加密的消息，然后使用 AES 解密算法进行解密，并将解密后的消息发送到 “decrypted_topic”。请注意，你需要将 ‘your_key’ 替换为实际用于加密的密钥。

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