如何遍历目录结构

遍历目录结构是计算机编程中常见的任务，用于访问和处理文件系统中的所有文件和子目录。以下是几种常见编程语言中遍历目录结构的方法：

Python

在Python中，可以使用os模块或pathlib模块来遍历目录结构。

使用os模块

import os

def traverse_directory(path):
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        print(f"Current directory: {root}")
        for dir in dirs:
            print(f"Subdirectory: {dir}")
        for file in files:
            print(f"File: {file}")

# 调用函数并传入要遍历的目录路径
traverse_directory('/path/to/directory')

使用pathlib模块

from pathlib import Path

def traverse_directory(path):
    for item in path.rglob('*'):
        if item.is_dir():
            print(f"Directory: {item}")
        elif item.is_file():
            print(f"File: {item}")

# 调用函数并传入要遍历的目录路径
traverse_directory(Path('/path/to/directory'))

Java

在Java中，可以使用java.nio.file包中的Files类和Path类来遍历目录结构。

import java.nio.file.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class DirectoryTraversal {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Path start = Paths.get("/path/to/directory");
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(start)) {
            for (Path entry : stream) {
                System.out.println(entry);
                if (Files.isDirectory(entry)) {
                    traverseDirectory(entry);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void traverseDirectory(Path dir) throws IOException {
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)) {
            for (Path entry : stream) {
                System.out.println(entry);
                if (Files.isDirectory(entry)) {
                    traverseDirectory(entry);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

C#

在C#中，可以使用System.IO命名空间中的Directory类和FileInfo类来遍历目录结构。

using System;
using System.IO;

class DirectoryTraversal
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string path = @"C:\path\to\directory";
        DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo(path);

        DirectoryInfo[] subDirectories = dirInfo.GetDirectories();
        FileInfo[] files = dirInfo.GetFiles();

        foreach (FileInfo file in files)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(file.FullName);
        }

        foreach (DirectoryInfo subDir in subDirectories)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(subDir.FullName);
            TraverseDirectory(subDir.FullName);
        }
    }

    static void TraverseDirectory(string path)
    {
        DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo(path);
        DirectoryInfo[] subDirectories = dirInfo.GetDirectories();
        FileInfo[] files = dirInfo.GetFiles();

        foreach (FileInfo file in files)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(file.FullName);
        }

        foreach (DirectoryInfo subDir in subDirectories)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(subDir.FullName);
            TraverseDirectory(subDir.FullName);
        }
    }
}

JavaScript (Node.js)

在Node.js中，可以使用fs模块和path模块来遍历目录结构。

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');

function traverseDirectory(dir) {
    fs.readdirSync(dir).forEach(file => {
        const filePath = path.join(dir, file);
        if (fs.statSync(filePath).isDirectory()) {
            console.log(`Directory: ${filePath}`);
            traverseDirectory(filePath);
        } else {
            console.log(`File: ${filePath}`);
        }
    });
}

// 调用函数并传入要遍历的目录路径
traverseDirectory('/path/to/directory');

以上示例展示了如何在不同编程语言中遍历目录结构。根据你的需求和使用的编程语言，选择合适的方法即可。