Ubuntu 跨平台文件共享实用方案
一、方案总览与选择
二、Samba 与 Windows 互通(推荐)
sudo apt update && sudo apt install sambasudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak && sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf[global] 中确保工作组一致:workgroup = WORKGROUP[shared]
path = /srv/samba/shared
browseable = yes
read only = no
valid users = alice
sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/shared && sudo chown alice:alice /srv/samba/sharedsudo smbpasswd -a alice(输入密码)sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbdsudo ufw allow samba\\<Ubuntu_IP>\shared,使用 alice 与密码登录。smb://<Ubuntu_IP>/shared三、NFS 在 Linux 之间共享(高性能)
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-serversudo mkdir -p /srv/nfs/shared && sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/nfs/sharedsudo nano /etc/exports/srv/nfs/shared 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
sudo exportfs -a && sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-serversudo ufw allow nfssudo apt install nfs-commonsudo mount -t nfs <Server_IP>:/srv/nfs/shared /mnt/nfs/etc/fstab 添加<Server_IP>:/srv/nfs/shared /mnt/nfs nfs defaults 0 0
四、SSHFS 与自托管 Web 共享(轻量与安全)
sudo apt install sshfssshfs user@<Server_IP>:/remote/path /local/mountfusermount -u /local/mountversion: '3.8'
services:
pingvin-share:
image: stonith404/pingvin-share
ports:
- "3000:3000"
volumes:
- ./data:/opt/app/backend/data
- ./data/images:/opt/app/frontend/public/img
访问:http://<Ubuntu_IP>:3000五、常见问题与排障要点
smb 或端口 137/138/139/445(TCP/UDP)。chown/chmod 调整。/etc/fstab 配置;Samba 可用 systemd 挂载单元或登录会话自动挂载(桌面环境更便捷)。[global] 设置字符集(如 unix charset = UTF-8)以避免中文乱码。