ubuntu

Kubernetes在Ubuntu上怎么装

小樊
82
2025-02-17 21:07:39
栏目: 智能运维

在Ubuntu上安装Kubernetes集群是一个相对复杂的过程,需要按照一定的步骤进行。以下是一个详细的指南,帮助你在Ubuntu系统上安装Kubernetes。

环境准备

  1. 更新系统
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
  1. 安装常用软件
sudo apt install vim lrzsz unzip wget net-tools tree bash-completion telnet -y
  1. 关闭交换分区
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
  1. 开启IPv4转发和内核优化
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
  1. 时间同步
sudo apt install ntpdate ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

安装Docker

  1. 卸载残留Docker软件包
for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc; do
    sudo apt-get remove $pkg;
done
  1. 更新软件包
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
  1. 安装Docker依赖
sudo apt install ca-certificates
  1. 添加Docker官方GPG密钥
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
  1. 添加Docker软件源
echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker-ce.list
  1. 安装Docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
  1. 配置用户组(可选):
sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker
  1. 开启Docker
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
  1. 配置Docker加速器(可选):
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

添加以下内容:

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://mirrors.aliyuncs.com"]
}

保存后重启Docker:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

部署Kubernetes集群

  1. 配置Kubernetes的APT源
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://mirrors.cloud.google.com/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt update
  1. 安装Kubeadm管理工具
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
curl -s https://mirrors.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://mirrors.cloud.google.com/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
  1. 设置kubelet开机启动
sudo systemctl enable kubelet
sudo systemctl start kubelet
  1. kubeadm初始化集群

在master节点上执行:

sudo kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint=k8s-master-noble --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
  1. 配置kubectl
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
  1. 安装Flannel网络插件
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
  1. 将工作节点加入集群

在master节点上获取join命令:

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

在工作节点上执行:

echo "k8s-master-noble" | sudo tee /etc/hosts
sudo kubeadm join k8s-master-noble:6443 --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

验证安装

在master节点上执行:

kubectl get nodes

所有节点状态为Ready时,集群安装成功。

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