在Python中,我们可以使用线程库threading
和队列模块queue
来实现多线程爬虫的资源限制。以下是一个简单的示例:
import threading
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from queue import Queue
def process_data(data):
# 处理数据的逻辑
pass
def fetch_url(url, session, result_queue):
try:
response = session.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
data = soup.find_all('div', class_='content') # 根据网页结构选择合适的标签和类名
result_queue.put(data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error fetching {url}: {e}")
def limited_thread_spider(urls, max_threads):
session = requests.Session()
result_queue = Queue()
# 创建线程列表
threads = []
# 开始爬取
for url in urls:
if threading.active_count() < max_threads:
thread = threading.Thread(target=fetch_url, args=(url, session, result_queue))
thread.start()
threads.append(thread)
else:
# 如果线程数达到上限,等待线程完成
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
# 清空线程列表
threads = []
# 重新开始爬取
for url in urls:
if threading.active_count() < max_threads:
thread = threading.Thread(target=fetch_url, args=(url, session, result_queue))
thread.start()
threads.append(thread)
# 等待所有线程完成
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
# 处理爬取到的数据
while not result_queue.empty():
data = result_queue.get()
process_data(data)
limited_thread_spider
函数进行爬取:urls = [
'https://example.com/page1',
'https://example.com/page2',
# ...
]
max_threads = 5 # 设置最大线程数
limited_thread_spider(urls, max_threads)
这个示例中,我们使用了一个队列result_queue
来存储爬取到的数据,以及一个计数器active_count
来跟踪当前活跃的线程数量。当活跃线程数达到最大值时,我们会等待线程完成,然后继续添加新线程。这样可以确保线程数量不会超过设定的限制。