在Debian上搭建HBase集群涉及多个步骤，包括安装Java、配置HBase、启动HBase服务等。以下是一个基本的指南：
HBase需要Java环境，推荐使用OpenJDK。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk
验证Java安装：
java -version
从Apache HBase官方网站下载最新版本的HBase，并解压到指定目录。
wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/2.4.9/hbase-2.4.9-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzvf hbase-2.4.9-bin.tar.gz -C /opt
编辑HBase配置文件hbase-site.xml，通常位于/opt/hbase-2.4.9/conf目录下。
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hbase.rootdir</name>
<value>hdfs://namenode:8020/hbase</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
<value>/var/lib/zookeeper</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>zookeeper1,zookeeper2,zookeeper3</value>
</property>
</configuration>
确保Hadoop集群已经启动并运行。编辑core-site.xml和hdfs-site.xml文件，配置HDFS。
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://namenode:8020</value>
</property>
</configuration>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
</configuration>
HBase依赖Zookeeper进行集群管理。启动Zookeeper集群：
/opt/hbase-2.4.9/bin/start-zookeeper.sh
启动HBase Master和RegionServer：
/opt/hbase-2.4.9/bin/start-hbase.sh
使用HBase shell验证集群是否正常运行：
/opt/hbase-2.4.9/bin/hbase shell
在HBase shell中，执行以下命令：
list
status 'simple'
如果一切正常，你应该能够看到HBase表列表和集群状态。
确保防火墙允许HBase所需的端口（默认端口：16000-16009, 16010-16019, 16020-16029, 16030-16039, 16040-16049, 16050-16059, 16060-16069, 16070-16079, 16080-16089, 16090-16099, 16100-16109, 16110-16119, 16120-16129, 16130-16139, 16140-16149, 16150-16159, 16160-16169, 16170-16179, 16180-16189, 16190-16199, 16200-16209, 16210-16219, 16220-16229, 16230-16239, 16240-16249, 16250-16259, 16260-16269, 16270-16279, 16280-16289, 16290-16299, 16300-16309, 16310-16319, 16320-16329, 16330-16339, 16340-16349, 16350-16359, 16360-16369, 16370-16379, 16380-16389, 16390-16399, 16400-16409, 16410-16419, 16420-16429, 16430-16439, 16440-16449, 16450-16459, 16460-16469, 16470-16479, 16480-16489, 16490-16499, 16500-16509, 16510-16519, 16520-16529, 16530-16539, 16540-16549, 16550-16559, 16560-16569, 16570-16579, 16580-16589, 16590-16599, 16600-16609, 16610-16619, 16620-16629, 16630-16639, 16640-16649, 16650-16659, 16660-16669, 16670-16679, 16680-16689, 16690-16699, 16700-16709, 16710-16719, 16720-16729, 16730-16739, 16740-16749, 16750-16759, 16760-16769, 16770-16779, 16780-16789, 16790-16799, 16800-16809, 16810-16819, 16820-16829, 16830-16839, 16840-16849, 16850-16859, 16860-16869, 16870-16879, 16880-16889, 16890-16899, 16900-16909, 16910-16919, 16920-16929, 16930-16939, 16940-16949, 16950-16959, 16960-16969, 16970-16979, 16980-16989, 16990-16999, 17000-17009, 17010-17019, 17020-17029, 17030-17039, 17040-17049, 17050-17059, 17060-17069, 17070-17079, 17080-17089, 17090-17099, 17100-17109, 17110-17119, 17120-17129, 17130-17139, 17140-17149, 17150-17159, 17160-17169, 17170-17179, 17180-17189, 17190-17199, 17200-17209, 17210-17219, 17220-17229, 17230-17239, 17240-17249, 17250-17259, 17260-17269, 17270-17279, 17280-17289, 17290-17299, 17300-17309, 17310-17319, 17320-17329, 17330-17339, 17340-17349, 17350-17359, 17360-17369, 17370-17379, 17380-17389, 17390-17399, 17400-17409, 17410-17419, 17420-17429, 17430-17439, 17440-17449, 17450-17459, 17460-17469, 17470-17479, 17480-17489, 17490-17499, 17500-17509, 17510-17519, 17520-17529, 17530-17539, 17540-17549, 17550-17559, 17560-17569, 17570-17579, 17580-17589, 17590-17599, 17600-17609, 17610-17619, 17620-17629, 17630-17639, 17640-17649, 17650-17659, 17660-17669, 17670-17679, 17680-17689, 17690-17699, 17700-17709, 17710-17719, 17720-17729, 17730-17739, 17740-17749, 17750-17759, 17760-17769, 17770-17779, 17780-17789, 17790-17799, 17800-17809, 17810-17819, 17820-17829, 17830-17839, 17840-17849, 17850-17859, 17860-17869, 17870-17879, 17880-17889, 17890-17899, 17900-17909, 17910-17919, 17920-17929, 17930-17939, 17940-17949, 17950-17959, 17960-17969, 17970-17979, 17980-17989, 17990-17999, 18000-18009, 18010-18019, 18020-18029, 18030-18039, 18040-18049, 18050-18059, 18060-18069, 18070-18079, 18080-18089, 18090-18099, 18100-18109, 18110-18119, 18120-18129, 18130-18139, 18140-18149, 18150-18159, 18160-18169, 18170-18179, 18180-18189, 18190-18199, 18200-18209, 18210-18219, 18220-18229, 18230-18239, 18240-18249, 18250-18259, 18260-18269, 18270-18279, 18280-18289, 18290-18299, 18300-18309, 18310-18319, 18320-18329, 18330-18339, 18340-18349, 18350-18359, 18360-18369, 18370-18379, 18380-18389, 18390-18399, 18400-18409, 18410-18419, 18420-18429, 18430-18439, 18440-18449, 18450-18459, 18460-18469, 18470-18479, 18480-18489, 18490-18499, 18500-18509, 18510-18519, 18520-18529, 18530-18539, 18540-18549, 18550-18559, 18560-18569, 18570-18579, 18580-18589, 18590-18599, 18600-18609, 18610-18619, 18620-18629, 18630-18639,