用户权限:在 MySQL 内执行SELECT user,host FROM mysql.user;,必要时创建允许远程的主机用户,例如:
CREATE USER ‘app’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘StrongPass!’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘app’@‘%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
实时会话与锁等待:在 MySQL 内执行SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST;定位长时间运行或锁等待的会话并KILL 。
慢查询定位与分析:开启慢查询日志(如slow_query_log=1、slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow.log、long_query_time=2),使用pt-query-digest /var/log/mysql/slow.log或mysqldumpslow -s t /var/log/mysql/slow.log找出 TOP SQL 并优化索引与执行计划。
服务与日志:
systemctl status mysqld
journalctl -xeu mysqld
tail -f /var/log/mysqld.log
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘log_error’;
端口与进程:
ss -tlnp | grep 3306
ps -ef | grep mysqld
权限与防火墙:
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp && firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all
SELECT user,host FROM mysql.user;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘app’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘StrongPass!’ WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;