在Linux上实现MariaDB的高可用性,可以采用多种策略和技术。以下是一些常见的方法:
MariaDB Galera Cluster是一个多主复制解决方案,提供真正的多主同步复制,确保数据在所有节点之间的一致性。
/etc/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/my.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://<node1_ip>,<node2_ip>,<node3_ip>
wsrep_node_address=<node_ip>
wsrep_node_name=<node_name>
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth=<sst_user>:<sst_password>
wsrep_cluster_address
包含所有节点的IP地址。systemctl start mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep%';
MariaDB Replication是一种异步复制解决方案,可以设置一个主节点和多个从节点。
/etc/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/my.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:[mysqld]
server-id=1
log_bin=mysql-bin
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
systemctl restart mariadb
CREATE USER 'replicator'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicator'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
/etc/my.cnf
或/etc/mysql/my.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:[mysqld]
server-id=2
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
log_bin=mysql-bin
read_only=1
systemctl restart mariadb
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='<master_ip>',
MASTER_USER='replicator',
MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='<log_file>',
MASTER_LOG_POS=<log_pos>;
START SLAVE;
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
Keepalived和LVS(Linux Virtual Server)可以提供虚拟IP和高可用性。
sudo apt-get install keepalived lvs
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
文件,添加以下配置:vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
<virtual_ip>
}
}
systemctl start keepalived
ipvsadm
工具配置LVS规则,将流量分发到多个MariaDB实例。Pacemaker和Corosync可以提供集群管理和故障转移功能。
sudo apt-get install pacemaker corosync
/etc/corosync/corosync.conf
文件,添加以下配置:totem {
version: 2
cluster_name: mariadb_cluster
transport: udpu
}
nodelist {
node {
ring0_addr: <node_ip>
nodeid: 1
}
node {
ring0_addr: <node_ip>
nodeid: 2
}
}
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
}
logging {
to_logfile: yes
logfile: /var/log/corosync/corosync.log
to_syslog: yes
}
systemctl start corosync
systemctl start pacemaker
pcs
工具配置MariaDB资源:pcs resource create mysql ocf:mariadb:server \
op monitor interval=30s \
op start timeout=60s \
op stop timeout=60s \
params datadir=/var/lib/mysql \
params socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
pcs constraint colocation add mysql with ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \
op monitor interval=30s on-fail=restart
pcs constraint order mysql then ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2
通过以上方法,可以在Linux上实现MariaDB的高可用性。选择哪种方法取决于具体的需求和环境。